Despite rapidly increasing numbers of overweight and obese individuals and a great emphasis on an idealized body shape (i.e., thinness) that have made anti-fat attitudes a considerable issue in Chinese society over the past two decades, little is known about the predictors of anti-fat attitudes in China. The present study investigated features of tripartite influence model (i.e., sociocultural pressure and thin-ideal internalization), objectified body consciousness (i.e., body surveillance and body shame), broad conceptualization of beauty, and critical processing of media images in the prediction of anti-fat attitudes among young Chinese women. The structural equation modeling analyses revealed several findings. First, perceived sociocultural pressure contributed to thin-ideal internalization and body shame, which in turn related to stronger anti-fat attitudes. Second, thin-ideal internalization was linked to body shame via body surveillance. Third, broad conceptualization of beauty predicted anti-fat attitudes in the “dislike fat people” dimension, without significant linkages to “fear of fat” and “willpower beliefs”. Fourth, while critical processing of beauty images was associated with sociocultural pressure, it did not predict anti-fat attitudes when considering other factors in our model. These findings extend the understanding of Chinese women’s anti-fat attitudes on the basis of tripartite influence model and objectification theory. It also suggests a novel way for future interventions to reduce anti-fat attitudes by promoting people’s positive perceptions about their own body images and relieving their personal appearance concerns.