Based on similarities in the theoretical and operational definitions, the current investigation proposes that one component of grit (perseverance of effort) and resilience are the same construct while another component (consistency of interest) and resilience are not. Both hypotheses were supported in two empirical investigations among Chinese students. Perseverance of effort and resilience showed unidimensionality due to their nearly perfect correlations and similar correlations with external variables. Consistency of interest and resilience only had a weaker correlation with each other and their correlations with external variables were not similar. Future research may consider integrating the theories and the research effort related to grit and resilience.