We examined the mediating role of creative mind-sets in the relationship between filial piety beliefs and children’s psychological adjustment in the context of Chinese culture. In the current study, we adopt structural equation modeling to address this gap. A total of 657 Taiwanese young adults (M age = 16.86 years) were recruited in a survey for the study. The analysis yielded the following results. First, reciprocal filial piety (RFP) belief was linked to a malleable creative mind-set, whereas authoritarian filial piety (AFP) belief was positively associated with a fixed creative mind-set. Second, endorsement of a malleable creative mind-set had nonsignificant associations with any dimension of psychological adjustment, while a fixed creative mind-set contributed negatively to life satisfaction and positively to psychological distress. Third, a fixed creative mind-set, but not a malleable mind-set, mediated the relationship between filial piety beliefs and psychological distress involving social dysfunction and anxiety/depression.