This chapter examines one highly influential form of religious pluralism, John Hick’s transcendental pluralism, and reviews some criticisms of it. Yet it also seeks to go beyond a surface level discussion of any particular pluralist theory in order to show where the deeper philosophical issues lie. In doing so the chapter first distinguishes between methodological and attitudinal pluralism and highlights the role of epistemic disagreement in giving rise to the need for the former. A further distinction is then made between reductive and non-reductive forms of methodological pluralism. Hickean pluralism, it is argued, in its postulation of the Real as the transcendent source of all major religions, is a reductive form of methodological pluralism. Non-reductive pluralist theories, however, do not claim that all major religions are related to, or derive from, a single transcendent reality. Some examples of non-reductive pluralist theories are considered, including internalist pluralism and the Jain theory of seven modes. The chapter concludes that theories of religious pluralism need to develop alongside theories of more general philosophical, and logical pluralism if they are to be genuinely responsive to diversity on the different levels at which it is found in the religious and philosophical traditions of the world.