The construction of nanoplatforms with combined photothermal properties and cascading enzymatic activities has become an active area of anticancer research. However, the overheating of photothermal therapy (PTT) and the specific properties of tumor microenvironment (TME) greatly impaired the therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we rationally fabricated a virus-like SiOx/CeO2/VOx (SCV) nanoplatform for 1064 nm near-infrared (NIR) triggered mild-temperature PTT and nanozyme catalytic therapy. Firstly, the virus-like shape of SiOx/CeO2/VOx made it favorable for cell adhesion and improved its phagocytosis in cells, and the SCV generated an effective PTT effect upon 1064 nm laser irradiation. Particularly, the produced VO2+ in TME could be used as a heat shock protein inhibitor to inhibit the expression of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) to enhance the PTT efficiency. Moreover, the SCV nanozyme exhibited obvious peroxidase-mimic (POD) catalytic activity, which could generate highly toxic free radical ions (OH) under acidic conditions. The mild-temperature heat and OH produced by enzymatic catalysis effectively blocked the tumor growth, as verified firmly by in vitro and in vivo tests. Our designed virus-like SCV nanozyme with POD mimic enzyme activity and a mild photothermal effect may provide a new way of thinking about the combination therapy model.