Aloe barbadensis, A. vera var. chinensis, A. ferox and A. arborescens are the most widely cultivated and used aloe species due to their potential and potent bioactivity. In this study, clot lysis and fibrin plate model were used to assess the in vitro thrombolytic and fibrinolysis activity of protein and phenolic extracts, as well as three pure compounds (aloin A, Aloin B and aloe emodin) from aloe. Meanwhile, the phenolic compounds in aloe were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and LC–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The in vitro thrombolytic and fibrinolytic activity assay results indicated that the protein and phenolic extracts of four aloe species had good clot lysis, fibrinolytic activity and enzyme activity, and aloin A and aloin B may be the main active ingredients. In addition, the chromatographic analysis shows obviously differences in components, such as aloenin A, isoaloeresin D and aloesin.