Objective Minor stroke is characterized by mild neurological functional impairment and relatively good outcome. Little is known about the association between post-stroke depression (PSD) and outcomes of minor stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PSD and disability and quality of life (QoL) at 1 year after minor ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with first-ever minor ischemic stroke (n = 747) were followed up at 14 ± 2 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after stroke. Depressive symptoms were assessed at each follow-up. Patients diagnosed with depression at 14 ± 2 days formed the early-onset PSD group; those who were diagnosed with depression at any subsequent follow-ups for the first time constituted the late-onset PSD group. The outcomes of minor stroke including disability (modified Rankin score ≥2) and QoL (Short Form-36 Health Survey) were assessed at the 1-year follow-up. Results A total of 198 (26.5%) patients were diagnosed with PSD over the 1-year follow-up; 136 and 62 patients were allocated to the early-onset PSD group and late-onset PSD group, respectively. Both early-onset and late-onset PSD were independently associated with disability and poor physical and mental health at 1 year after stroke. Recovery from depression (n = 112) within 1 year decreased the adverse impacts of PSD on functional outcome and QoL. Conclusions Post-stroke depression was independently associated with disability and poor QoL at 1 year after first-ever minor ischemic stroke. Recovery from PSD decreased but did not eliminate the adverse impacts of PSD on outcomes of minor stroke.