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Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | |
Abbafati, Cristiana1,109,244; Abbas, Kaja M.2,109,244; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen3,109,244; Abd-Allah, Foad4,109,244; Abdelalim, Ahmed4,109,244; Abdollahi, Mohammad5,6,109,109,244,244; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim7,109,244; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein8,9,109,109,244,244; Abolhassani, Hassan10,11,109,109,244,244; Aboyans, Victor12,13,109,109,244,244; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães14,109,244; Abrigo, Michael R.M.15,109,244; Abualhasan, Ahmed4,109,244; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal16,109,244; Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.17,18,109,109,244,244; Adabi, Maryam19,109,244; Adekanmbi, Victor20,109,244; Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood21,22,109,109,244,244; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.23,24,109,109,244,244; Adham, Davoud25,109,244; Advani, Shailesh M.26,27,109,109,244,244; Afshin, Ashkan28,109,244; Agarwal, Gina30,109,244; Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem31,109,244; Agrawal, Anurag32,33,109,109,244,244; Ahmad, Tauseef34,109,244; Ahmadi, Keivan35,109,244; Ahmadi, Mehdi36,37,109,109,244,244; Ahmadieh, Hamid38,39,109,109,244,244; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir40,41,109,109,244,244; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie42,109,244; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola43,44,109,109,244,244; Akinyemiju, Tomi45,46,109,109,244,244; Akombi, Blessing47,109,244; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet48,49,109,109,244,244; Alahdab, Fares50,109,244; Al-Aly, Ziyad51,52,109,109,244,244; Alam, Khurshid53,109,244; Alam, Samiah54,109,244; Alam, Tahiya29,109,244; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour55,109,244; Alanzi, Turki M.56,109,244; Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun57,58,109,109,244,244; Alhabib, Khalid F.59,109,244; Ali, Muhammad60,109,244; Ali, Saqib61,109,244; Alicandro, Gianfranco62,109,244; Alinia, Cyrus63,109,244; Alipour, Vahid64,65,109,109,244,244; Alizade, Hesam66,109,244; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed67,68,109,109,244,244; Alla, François69,109,244; Allebeck, Peter70,109,244; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir71,109,244; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.72,73,109,109,244,244; Alonso, Jordi74,75,109,109,244,244; Altirkawi, Khalid A.76,109,244; Amini-Rarani, Mostafa77,109,244; Amiri, Fatemeh78,109,244; Amugsi, Dickson A.79,109,244; Ancuceanu, Robert80,109,244; Anderlini, Deanna81,109,109,244,244,685; Anderson, Jason A.29,109,244; Andrei, Catalina Liliana82,109,244; Andrei, Tudorel83,109,244; Angus, Colin84,109,244; Anjomshoa, Mina85,109,244; Ansari, Fereshteh86,87,109,109,244,244; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza88,109,244; Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo89,109,244; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.90,91,109,109,244,244; Antony, Catherine M.29,109,244; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz92,109,244; Anvari, Davood93,94,109,109,244,244; Anwer, Razique95,109,244; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw96,97,109,109,244,244; Arabloo, Jalal65,109,244; Arab-Zozani, Morteza98,109,244; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.29,99,109,109,244,244; Ariani, Filippo100,109,244; Armoon, Bahram101,102,109,109,244,244; Ärnlöv, Johan103,104,109,109,244,244; Arzani, Afsaneh105,106,109,109,244,244; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran107,109,244; Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.108,109,244; Ashbaugh, Charlie29,109,244; Assmus, Michael29,109,244; Atafar, Zahra109,110,244; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie109,111,244; Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi109,112,244; Ausloos, Floriane109,113,244; Ausloos, Marcel83,109,109,114,244,244; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina109,115,244; Ayano, Getinet109,116,244; Ayanore, Martin Amogre109,117,244; Azari, Samad65,109,244; Azarian, Ghasem109,118,244; Azene, Zelalem Nigussie109,119,244; Badawi, Alaa109,109,120,121,244,244; Badiye, Ashish D.109,122,244; Bahrami, Mohammad Amin109,123,244; Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein109,124,244; Bakhtiari, Ahad109,125,244; Bakkannavar, Shankar M.109,126,244; Baldasseroni, Alberto109,127,244; Ball, Kylie109,128,244; Ballew, Shoshana H.109,129,244; Balzi, Daniela109,130,244; Banach, Maciej109,109,131,132,244,244; Banerjee, Srikanta K.109,133,244; Bante, Agegnehu Bante109,134,244; Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher42,109,244; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn109,135,244; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried109,109,136,137,244,244; Barrero, Lope H.109,138,244; Barthelemy, Celine M.29,109,244; Barua, Lingkan109,139,244; Basu, Sanjay109,109,140,141,244,244; Baune, Bernhard T.109,109,142,143,244,244; Bayati, Mohsen109,144,244; Becker, Jacob S.109,145,244; Bedi, Neeraj109,109,146,147,244,244; Beghi, Ettore109,148,244; Béjot, Yannick109,109,149,150,244,244; Bell, Michelle L.109,151,244; Bennitt, Fiona B.29,109,244; Bensenor, Isabela M.109,152,244; Berhe, Kidanemaryam109,153,244; Berman, Adam E.109,154,244; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth109,109,155,156,244,244; Bhageerathy, Reshmi109,109,157,158,244,244; Bhala, Neeraj109,109,159,160,244,244; Bhandari, Dinesh109,109,161,162,244,244; Bhattacharyya, Krittika109,109,163,164,244,244; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.109,109,165,166,244,244; Bijani, Ali109,167,244; Bikbov, Boris109,168,244; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat109,109,169,170,244,244; Biondi, Antonio109,171,244; Birihane, Binyam Minuye109,109,172,173,244,244; Bisignano, Catherine29,109,244; Biswas, Raaj Kishore109,174,244; Bitew, Helen109,175,244; Bohlouli, Somayeh109,176,244; Bohluli, Mehdi109,109,177,178,244,244; Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S.29,109,244; Borges, Guilherme109,179,244; Borzì, Antonio Maria109,180,244; Borzouei, Shiva109,181,244; Bosetti, Cristina109,182,244; Boufous, Soufiane109,174,244; Braithwaite, Dejana109,183,244; Brauer, Michael109,184,244; Breitborde, Nicholas J.K.109,109,185,186,244,244; Breitner, Susanne109,109,187,188,244,244; Brenner, Hermann109,189,244; Briant, Paul Svitil29,109,244; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich109,190,244; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich109,191,244; Britton, Gabrielle B.109,192,244; Bryazka, Dana29,109,244; Bumgarner, Blair R.29,109,244; Burkart, Katrin29,109,244; Burnett, Richard Thomas109,193,244; Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath109,194,244; Butt, Zahid A.109,109,195,196,244,244; Caetano Dos Santos, Florentino Luciano109,197,244; Cahill, Leah E.109,198,244; Cámera, Luis Alberto109,199,244; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.109,200,244; Cárdenas, Rosario109,201,244; Carreras, Giulia109,202,244; Carrero, Juan J.109,203,244; Carvalho, Felix109,204,244; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio109,205,244; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.109,109,206,207,244,244; Castelpietra, Giulio109,109,208,209,244,244; Castro, Franz109,210,244; Causey, Kate29,109,244; Cederroth, Christopher R.109,109,211,212,244,244; Cercy, Kelly M.29,109,244; Cerin, Ester109,213,244; Chandan, Joht Singh109,160,244; Chang, Kai Lan109,109,214,215,244,244; Charlson, Fiona J.109,216,244; Chattu, Vijay Kumar109,217,244; Chaturvedi, Sarika109,218,244; Cherbuin, Nicolas109,219,244; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel109,220,244; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan109,221,244; Choi, Jee Young Jasmine109,222,244; Christensen, Hanne109,223,244; Chu, Dinh Toi109,224,244; Chung, Michael T.109,225,244; Chung, Sheng Chia109,109,226,227,244,244; Cicuttini, Flavia M.109,228,244; Ciobanu, Liliana G.109,109,229,230,244,244; Cirillo, Massimo109,231,244; Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne109,109,232,233,244,244; Cohen, Aaron J.109,234,244; Compton, Kelly29,109,244; Cooper, Owen R.109,109,214,235,244,244; Costa, Vera Marisa109,204,244; Cousin, Ewerton109,236,244; Cowden, Richard G.109,237,244; Cross, Di H.109,238,244; Cruz, Jessica A.29,109,244; Dahlawi, Saad M.A.109,239,244; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura109,240,244; Damiani, Giovanni109,109,241,242,244,244; Dandona, Lalit28,29,109,109,109,244,244,244,510; Dandona, Rakhi29,109,109,244,244,510; Dangel, William James29,109,244; Danielsson, Anna Karin70,109,244; Dargan, Paul I.44,109,109,243,244,244; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad109,244,245; Daryani, Ahmad109,244,246; Das, Jai K.109,244,247; Das Gupta, Rajat109,109,244,244,248,249; das Neves, José109,109,244,244,250,251; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto109,244,252; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil109,109,244,244,253,254; De Leo, Diego109,244,255; Degenhardt, Louisa29,109,109,244,244,256; DeLang, Marissa109,145,244; Dellavalle, Robert Paul109,109,244,244,257,258; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen109,244,259; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam109,244,260; Demsie, Desalegn Getnet109,244,261; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar109,244,262; Dervenis, Nikolaos109,109,244,244,263,264; Dhungana, Govinda Prasad109,244,265; Dianatinasab, Mostafa109,244,266; Dias da Silva, Diana109,244,267; Diaz, Daniel109,244,268; Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat109,244,269; Djalalinia, Shirin109,244,270; Do, Hoa Thi109,244,271; Dokova, Klara109,244,272; Dorostkar, Fariba109,244,273; Doshmangir, Leila109,244,274; Driscoll, Tim Robert109,244,275; Duncan, Bruce B.109,236,244; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues109,109,244,244,276,277; Eagan, Arielle Wilder109,109,244,244,278,279; Edvardsson, David109,109,244,244,280,281; El Nahas, Nevine109,244,282; El Sayed, Iman109,244,283; El Tantawi, Maha109,244,284; Elbarazi, Iffat109,244,285; Elgendy, Islam Y.109,244,286; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.4,109,244; Elyazar, Iqbal R.F.109,244,287; Emmons-Bell, Sophia29,109,244; Erskine, Holly E.109,109,244,244,288,289; Eskandarieh, Sharareh109,244,290; Esmaeilnejad, Saman109,109,244,244,291,292; Esteghamati, Alireza109,244,293; Estep, Kara29,109,244; Etemadi, Arash109,244,294; Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas109,244,295; Fanzo, Jessica109,244,296; Farahmand, Mohammad109,244,297; Fareed, Mohammad109,244,298; Faridnia, Roghiyeh109,244,299; Farioli, Andrea109,244,300; Faro, Andre109,244,301; Faruque, Mithila109,139,244; Farzadfar, Farshad109,244,302; Fattahi, Nazir109,244,303; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi109,109,244,244,304,305; Feigin, Valery L.29,109,109,244,244,306; Feldman, Rachel29,109,244; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad109,109,244,244,307,308; Fernandes, Eduarda109,244,309; Ferrara, Giannina29,109,244; Ferrari, Alize J.29,109,109,244,244,288; Ferreira, Manuela L.109,244,310; Filip, Irina109,109,244,244,311,312; Fischer, Florian109,244,313; Fisher, James L.109,244,314; Flor, Luisa Sorio109,244,315; Foigt, Nataliya A.109,244,316; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin109,244,317; Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich109,244,318; Force, Lisa M.109,244,319; Foroutan, Masoud109,244,320; Franklin, Richard Charles109,244,321; Freitas, Marisa109,244,309; Fu, Weijia29,109,244; Fukumoto, Takeshi109,244,322; Furtado, João M.109,244,323; Gad, Mohamed M.109,109,244,244,324,325; Gakidou, Emmanuela28,29,109,109,244,244; Gallus, Silvano109,244,326; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.109,109,244,244,327,328; Gardner, William M.29,109,244; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle109,244,329; Ayalew Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew109,244,330; Geremew, Abraham109,244,331; Gershberg Hayoon, Anna29,109,244; Gething, Peter W.109,109,244,244,332,333; Ghadimi, Maryam109,244,334; Ghadiri, Keyghobad109,109,244,244,335,336; Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh109,244,337; Ghafourifard, Mansour109,244,338; Ghamari, Farhad109,244,339; Ghashghaee, Ahmad109,244,340; Ghiasvand, Hesam109,244,341; Ghith, Nermin109,244,342; Gholamian, Asadollah109,109,244,244,343,344; Ghosh, Rakesh109,244,345; Gill, Paramjit Singh109,244,346; Ginindza, Themba G.109,109,244,244,347,348; Giussani, Giorgia109,244,349; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.109,244,350; Goharinezhad, Salime107,109,244; Gopalani, Sameer Vali109,109,244,244,351,352; Gorini, Giuseppe109,244,353; Goudarzi, Houman109,109,244,244,354,355; Goulart, Alessandra C.109,244,356; Greaves, Felix109,109,244,244,357,358; Grivna, Michal109,109,244,244,359,360; Grosso, Giuseppe109,244,361; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen109,244,362; Gugnani, Harish Chander109,109,244,244,363,364; Guimarães, Rafael Alves109,244,365; Guled, Rashid Abdi109,244,366; Guo, Gaorui29,109,244; Guo, Yuming109,109,244,244,367,368; Gupta, Rajeev109,109,109,109,244,244,244,244,369,370,371,372; Gupta, Tarun109,244,373; Haddock, Beatrix29,109,244; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima109,109,244,244,334,374; Hafiz, Abdul109,109,244,244,375,376; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin109,244,334; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya109,109,244,244,377,378; Hall, Brian J.109,244,379; Halvaei, Iman109,244,380; Hamadeh, Randah R.109,244,381; Hamidi, Samer109,244,382; Hammer, Melanie S.109,109,244,244,383,384; Hankey, Graeme J.109,109,244,244,385,386; Haririan, Hamidreza109,244,387; Haro, Josep Maria109,109,244,244,388,389; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.109,244,390; Hasan, Md Mehedi109,109,244,244,391,392; Hasanpoor, Edris109,244,393; Hashi, Abdiwahab109,244,394; Hassanipour, Soheil109,109,244,244,395,396; Hassankhani, Hadi109,244,397; Havmoeller, Rasmus J.109,244,398; Hay, Simon I.28,29,109,109,244,244; Hayat, Khezar109,109,244,244,399,400; Heidari, Golnaz109,244,401; Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza109,244,402; Henrikson, Hannah J.29,109,244; Herbert, Molly E.29,109,244; Herteliu, Claudiu83,109,109,244,244,403; Heydarpour, Fatemeh109,244,404; Hird, Thomas R.109,244,405; Hoek, Hans W.109,109,244,244,406,407; Holla, Ramesh109,244,408; Hoogar, Praveen109,244,409; Hosgood, H. Dean109,244,410; Hossain, Naznin109,244,411; Hosseini, Mostafa109,109,244,244,412,413; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi109,109,244,244,414,415; Hostiuc, Mihaela109,244,416; Hostiuc, Sorin109,109,244,244,417,418; Househ, Mowafa109,244,419; Hsairi, Mohamed109,244,420; Hsieh, Vivian Chia Rong109,244,421; Hu, Guoqing109,244,422; Hu, Kejia109,244,423; Huda, Tanvir M.109,109,244,244,275,424; Humayun, Ayesha109,244,425; Huynh, Chantal K.29,109,244; Hwang, Bing Fang109,244,426; Iannucci, Vincent C.29,109,244; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel109,244,427; Ikeda, Nayu109,244,428; Ikuta, Kevin S.109,244,429; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen109,109,244,244,430,431; Ilic, Irena M.109,244,432; Ilic, Milena D.109,244,433; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja109,244,434; Ippolito, Helen29,109,244; Iqbal, Usman109,244,435; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi109,244,436; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter29,109,244; Islam, M. Mofizul109,244,437; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful109,244,438; Iso, Hiroyasu109,244,439; Ivers, Rebecca Q.47,109,244; Iwu, Chidozie C.D.109,244,440; Iwu, Chinwe Juliana109,244,441; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi109,244,442; Jaafari, Jalil109,244,443; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.109,244,444; Jafari, Hussain29,109,244; Jafarinia, Morteza109,244,445; Jahani, Mohammad Ali109,167,244; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo109,109,244,244,446,447; Jalilian, Farzad109,110,244; James, Spencer L.29,109,244; Janjani, Hosna109,109,244,244,304,448; Javaheri, Tahereh109,244,449; Javidnia, Javad109,244,450; Jeemon, Panniyammakal109,244,451; Jenabi, Ensiyeh109,244,452; Jha, Ravi Prakash109,109,244,244,453,454; Jha, Vivekanand109,244,455; Ji, John S.109,244,456; Johansson, Lars109,244,457; John, Oommen109,244,458; John-Akinola, Yetunde O.109,244,427; Johnson, Catherine Owens29,109,244; Jonas, Jost B.109,109,244,244,459,460; Joukar, Farahnaz109,244,396; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy109,244,461; Jürisson, Mikk109,244,462; Kabir, Ali109,244,463; Kabir, Zubair109,244,464; Kalani, Hamed109,244,465; Kalani, Rizwan109,244,466; Kalankesh, Leila R.109,244,467; Kalhor, Rohollah109,244,468; Kanchan, Tanuj109,244,469; Kapoor, Neeti109,122,244; Matin, Behzad Karami109,244,303; Karch, André109,244,470; Karim, Mohd Anisul109,109,244,244,471,472; Kassa, Getachew Mullu109,244,473; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal109,244,474; Kayode, Gbenga A.109,109,244,244,475,476; Kazemi Karyani, Ali109,244,303; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga109,244,477; Keller, Cathleen29,109,244; Kemmer, Laura29,109,244; Kendrick, Parkes J.29,109,244; Khalid, Nauman109,244,478; Khammarnia, Mohammad109,244,479; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad109,244,480; Khan, Maseer109,244,481; Khatab, Khaled109,109,244,244,482,483; Khater, Mona M.109,244,484; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli109,244,485; Khayamzadeh, Maryam109,109,244,244,486,487; Khazaei, Salman109,244,488; Kieling, Christian109,109,244,244,489,490; Kim, Yun Jin109,109,244,244,491,492; Kimokoti, Ruth W.109,244,493; Kisa, Adnan109,244,494; Kisa, Sezer109,244,495; Kivimäki, Mika109,244,496; Knibbs, Luke D.109,244,288; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo109,244,497; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.109,244,498; Kochhar, Sonali109,109,244,244,499,500; Kopec, Jacek A.109,244,501; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich109,191,244; Koul, Parvaiz A.109,244,502; Koyanagi, Ai109,109,244,244,503,504; Kraemer, Moritz U.G.109,244,505; Krishan, Kewal109,244,506; Krohn, Kris J.29,109,244; Kromhout, Hans109,244,507; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy109,109,244,244,508,509; Kumar, G. Anil109,244,510; Kumar, Vivek109,244,511; Kurmi, Om P.109,244,512; Kusuma, Dian109,109,244,244,513,514; La Vecchia, Carlo109,244,515; Lacey, Ben109,244,516; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar109,244,510; Lalloo, Ratilal109,244,517; Lallukka, Tea109,244,518; Lami, Faris Hasan109,244,519; Landires, Iván109,244,520; Lang, Justin J.109,244,521; Langan, Sinéad M.109,109,244,244,522,523; Larsson, Anders O.109,109,244,244,524,525; Lasrado, Savita109,244,526; Lauriola, Paolo109,244,527; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.109,244,528; Lee, Paul H.109,244,529; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey109,109,244,244,530,531; Legrand, Kate E.29,109,244; Leigh, James109,244,532; Leonardi, Matilde109,244,533; Lescinsky, Haley29,109,244; Leung, Janni109,244,534; Levi, Miriam109,130,244; Li, Shanshan109,228,244; Lim, Lee Ling109,109,244,244,535,536; Linn, Shai109,244,537; Liu, Shiwei109,244,538; Liu, Simin109,244,539; Liu, Yang109,244,540; Lo, Justin29,109,244; Lopez, Alan D.28,29,109,109,109,244,244,244,541; Lopez, Jaifred Christian F.109,109,244,244,542,543; Lopukhov, Platon D.109,191,244; Lorkowski, Stefan109,109,244,244,544,545; Lotufo, Paulo A.109,244,546; Lu, Alton29,109,244; Lugo, Alessandra109,244,326; Maddison, Emilie R.109,128,244; Mahasha, Phetole Walter109,244,547; Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi109,244,548; Mahmoudi, Morteza109,244,549; Majeed, Azeem109,244,357; Maleki, Afshin109,244,550; Maleki, Shokofeh109,244,551; Malekzadeh, Reza109,109,244,244,552,553; Malta, Deborah Carvalho109,244,554; Mamun, Abdullah A.109,244,392; Manda, Ana Laura109,244,555; Manguerra, Helena29,109,244; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz109,109,244,244,395,396; Mansouri, Borhan109,244,556; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali109,244,412; Mantilla Herrera, Ana M.109,244,557; Maravilla, Joemer C.109,244,392; Marks, Ashley29,109,244; Martin, Randall V.109,109,244,244,384,558; Martini, Santi109,109,244,244,559,560; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio109,244,561; Masaka, Anthony109,244,562; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra109,244,563; Mathur, Manu Raj109,109,244,244,564,565; Matsushita, Kunihiro109,129,244; Maulik, Pallab K.109,109,244,244,566,567; McAlinden, Colm109,244,568; McGrath, John J.109,109,244,244,569,570; McKee, Martin109,244,571; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan109,109,244,244,572,573; Mehri, Fereshteh109,244,574; Mehta, Kala M.109,244,575; Memish, Ziad A.109,109,244,244,576,577; Mendoza, Walter109,244,578; Menezes, Ritesh G.109,244,579; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku109,244,580; Mereke, Alibek109,109,244,244,581,582; Mereta, Seid Tiku109,244,583; Meretoja, Atte109,109,244,244,584,585; Meretoja, Tuomo J.109,109,244,244,586,587; Mestrovic, Tomislav109,109,244,244,588,589; Miazgowski, Bartosz109,109,244,244,590,591; Miazgowski, Tomasz109,244,592; Michalek, Irmina Maria109,244,593; Miller, Ted R.109,244,594; Mills, Edward J.109,244,595; Mini, G. K.109,109,244,244,596,597; Miri, Mohammad109,109,244,244,598,599; Mirica, Andreea83,109,244; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.109,109,244,244,600,601; Mirzaei, Hamed109,244,602; Mirzaei, Maryam109,244,603; Mirzaei, Roya109,109,244,244,604,605; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi109,110,244; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen28,29,109,109,244,244; Mithra, Prasanna109,244,606; Moazen, Babak109,244,607; Mohammad, Dara K.109,109,244,244,608,609; Mohammad, Yousef109,244,610; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser109,244,611; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah109,244,612; Mohammadifard, Noushin109,244,613; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza109,244,614; Mohammed, Ammas Siraj109,244,615; Mohammed, Hussen109,244,616; Mohammed, Jemal Abdu109,244,617; Mohammed, Shafiu109,244,618; Mokdad, Ali H.28,29,109,109,244,244; Molokhia, Mariam109,243,244; Monasta, Lorenzo109,244,619; Mooney, Meghan D.29,109,244; Moradi, Ghobad109,109,244,244,620,621; Moradi, Masoud109,244,303; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar107,109,244; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah71,109,244; Moraga, Paula109,244,622; Morawska, Lidia109,244,623; Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana109,244,624; Morrison, Shane Douglas109,244,625; Mosapour, Abbas109,109,244,244,626,627; Mosser, Jonathan F.29,109,244; Mouodi, Simin109,167,244; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam109,125,244; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi109,244,628; Mueller, Ulrich Otto109,109,244,244,629,630; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath109,244,631; Mullany, Erin C.29,109,244; Musa, Kamarul Imran109,244,632; Muthupandian, Saravanan109,244,633; Nabhan, Ashraf F.109,109,244,244,634,635; Naderi, Mehdi109,244,551; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman109,109,244,244,636,637; Nagel, Gabriele109,244,638; Naghavi, Mohsen28,29,109,109,244,244; Naghshtabrizi, Behshad109,244,639; Naimzada, Mukhammad David109,109,244,244,640,641; Najafi, Farid109,244,642; Nangia, Vinay109,244,643; Nansseu, Jobert Richie109,109,244,244,644,645; Naserbakht, Morteza109,244,646; Nayak, Vinod C.109,126,244; Negoi, Ionut109,109,244,244,253,647; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.109,244,648; Nguyen, Cuong Tat109,244,649; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi109,244,649; Nguyen, Ming29,109,244; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.109,109,244,244,650,651; Nikbakhsh, Rajan109,244,377; Nixon, Molly R.29,109,244; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.109,244,441; Nomura, Shuhei109,109,244,244,652,653; Norrving, Bo109,244,654; Noubiap, Jean Jacques109,244,655; Nowak, Christoph103,109,244; Nunez-Samudio, Virginia109,109,244,244,656,657; Oancea, Bogdan109,244,658; Odell, Christopher M.29,109,244; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene109,244,659; Oh, In Hwan109,244,660; Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera109,244,661; Oladnabi, Morteza109,244,662; Olagunju, Andrew T.109,109,244,244,663,664; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola109,244,665; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun109,244,665; Omer, Muktar Omer109,244,394; Ong, Kanyin L.29,109,244; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.109,244,666; Orpana, Heather M.109,109,244,244,667,668; Ortiz, Alberto109,109,244,244,669,670; Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo109,244,671; Osei, Frank B.109,109,244,244,672,673; Ostroff, Samuel M.29,109,244; Otoiu, Adrian83,109,244; Otstavnov, Nikita109,244,640; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.109,244,640; Øverland, Simon109,109,244,244,674,675; Owolabi, Mayowa O.109,109,244,244,676,677; Mahesh, P. A.109,244,678; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao109,244,679; Palladino, Raffaele109,109,231,244,244,680; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra109,244,459; Pandey, Anamika109,244,681; Parry, Charles D.H.109,109,244,244,682,683; Pasovic, Maja29,109,244; Pasupula, Deepak Kumar109,244,684; Patel, Sangram Kishor109,244,686; Pathak, Mona109,244,687; Patten, Scott B.109,244,688; Patton, George C.109,109,244,244,689,690; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki109,109,244,244,691,692; Peden, Amy E.47,109,109,244,244,321; Pennini, Alyssa29,109,244; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino109,244,693; Peprah, Emmanuel K.109,244,694; Pereira, David M.109,244,309; Pesudovs, Konrad109,244,695; Pham, Hai Quang109,244,649; Phillips, Michael R.109,109,244,244,696,697; Piccinelli, Cristiano109,244,698; Pilz, Tessa M.29,109,244; Piradov, Michael A.109,244,699; Pirsaheb, Meghdad109,244,303; Plass, Dietrich109,244,700; Polinder, Suzanne109,244,701; Polkinghorne, Kevan R.109,244,702; Pond, Constance Dimity109,244,703; Postma, Maarten J.109,109,244,244,704,705; Pourjafar, Hadi109,109,244,244,706,707; Pourmalek, Farshad109,184,244; Poznañska, Anna109,244,708; Prada, Sergio I.109,109,244,244,709,710; Prakash, V.109,244,711; Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga109,244,712; Pupillo, Elisabetta109,148,244; Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi109,244,713; Rabiee, Mohammad109,244,714; Rabiee, Navid109,244,715; Radfar, Amir109,244,716; Rafiee, Ata109,244,717; Raggi, Alberto109,244,533; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz109,109,109,244,244,244,280,718,719; Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali109,244,720; Rajati, Fatemeh109,244,303; Rakovac, Ivo109,244,721; Ram, Pradhum109,244,722; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana109,244,723; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal109,109,244,244,724,725; Rao, Puja C.29,109,244; Rao, Sowmya J.109,244,726; Rashedi, Vahid109,244,727; Rathi, Priya109,244,408; Rawaf, David Laith109,109,244,244,728,729; Rawaf, Salman109,109,244,244,680,730; Rawal, Lal109,244,731; Rawassizadeh, Reza109,244,732; Rawat, Ramu109,244,733; Razo, Christian29,109,244; Redford, Sofia Boston29,109,244; Reiner, Robert C.28,29,109,109,244,244; Reitsma, Marissa Bettay29,109,244; Remuzzi, Giuseppe109,168,244; Renjith, Vishnu109,244,734; Renzaho, Andre M.N.109,244,735; Resnikoff, Serge109,244,695; Rezaei, Negar10,109,109,244,244,736; Rezaei, Nima109,109,244,244,293,302; Rezapour, Aziz65,109,244; Rhinehart, Phoebe Anne29,109,244; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad109,244,737; Ribeiro, Daniel Cury109,244,738; Ribeiro, Daniela109,244,739; Rickard, Jennifer109,109,244,244,740,741; Rivera, Juan A.109,244,742; Roberts, Nicholas L.S.29,109,244; Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia109,244,262; Roever, Leonardo109,244,743; Ronfani, Luca109,244,619; Room, Robin109,109,244,244,744,745; Roshandel, Gholamreza109,244,746; Roth, Gregory A.109,244,747; Rothenbacher, Dietrich109,244,638; Rubagotti, Enrico109,244,748; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.109,244,749; Sabour, Siamak109,244,750; Sachdev, Perminder S.109,109,244,244,751,752; Saddik, Basema109,244,753; Sadeghi, Ehsan109,244,303; Sadeghi, Masoumeh109,244,754; Saeedi, Reza109,244,755; Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar109,244,302; Safari, Yahya109,244,303; Safi, Sare109,244,756; Safiri, Saeid109,109,244,244,757,758; Sagar, Rajesh109,244,759; Sahebkar, Amirhossein109,109,244,244,760,761; Sajadi, S. Mohammad109,109,244,244,762,763; Salam, Nasir109,244,764; Salamati, Payman109,244,765; Salem, Hosni109,244,766; Salem, Marwa R.109,244,767; Salimzadeh, Hamideh109,244,768; Salman, Omar Mukhtar109,109,244,244,769,770; Salomon, Joshua A.109,244,771; Samad, Zainab109,109,244,244,772,773; Samadi Kafil, Hossein109,244,774; Sambala, Evanson Zondani109,244,441; Samy, Abdallah M.109,244,775; Sanabria, Juan109,109,244,244,776,777; Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G.109,244,778; Santomauro, Damian Francesco109,244,779; Santos, Itamar S.109,109,152,244,244,356; Santos, João Vasco109,109,244,244,780,781; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.109,244,782; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer109,109,244,244,783,784; Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo109,109,244,244,785,786; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal109,244,613; Sartorius, Benn109,244,787; Sarveazad, Arash109,244,788; Sathian, Brijesh109,109,244,244,789,790; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu109,244,791; Sattin, Davide109,244,533; Saxena, Sonia109,244,713; Schaeffer, Lauren E.29,109,244; Schiavolin, Silvia109,244,533; Schlaich, Markus P.109,244,792; Schmidt, Maria Inês109,236,244; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth109,109,244,244,793,794; Schwebel, David C.109,244,795; Schwendicke, Falk109,244,796; Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta109,244,797; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian109,244,798; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.109,244,768; Serdar, Berrin109,109,244,244,799,800; Serre, Marc L.109,244,801; Shadid, Jamileh29,109,109,244,244,288; Shafaat, Omid109,244,334; Shahabi, Saeed109,244,802; Shaheen, Amira A.109,244,803; Shaikh, Masood Ali109,244,804; Shalash, Ali S.109,244,282; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran109,244,805; Shamsizadeh, Morteza109,244,806; Sharafi, Kiomars109,244,303; Sheikh, Aziz109,109,244,244,807,808; Sheikhtaheri, Abbas109,244,809; Shibuya, Kenji109,244,810; Shield, Kevin David109,244,811; Shigematsu, Mika109,244,812; Shin, Jae Il109,244,813; Shin, Min Jeong109,244,814; Shiri, Rahman109,244,815; Shirkoohi, Reza109,109,244,244,816,817; Shuval, Kerem109,244,537; Siabani, Soraya109,109,244,244,818,819; Sierpinski, Radoslaw109,109,244,244,820,821; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora109,109,244,244,822,823; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig109,244,823; Silva, João Pedro109,204,244; Simpson, Kyle E.29,109,244; Singh, Jasvinder A.109,109,244,244,824,825; Singh, Pushpendra109,244,826; Skiadaresi, Eirini109,244,827; Skou, Søren T.109,109,244,244,828,829; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich109,244,830; Smith, Emma U.R.109,244,831; Soheili, Amin109,244,832; Soltani, Shahin109,244,303; Soofi, Moslem109,110,244; Sorensen, Reed J.D.109,244,499; Soriano, Joan B.109,109,244,244,833,834; Sorrie, Muluken Bekele109,244,835; Soshnikov, Sergey109,244,836; Soyiri, Ireneous N.109,244,837; Spencer, Cory N.29,109,244; Spotin, Adel109,244,838; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.109,244,839; Srinivasan, Vinay109,244,840; Stanaway, Jeffrey D.28,29,109,109,244,244; Stein, Caroline109,236,244; Stein, Dan J.109,244,841; Steiner, Caitlyn29,109,244; Stockfelt, Leo109,244,842; Stokes, Mark A.109,244,843; Straif, Kurt109,244,844; Stubbs, Jacob L.109,244,845; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale109,244,846; Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul109,244,847; Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan109,109,244,244,848,849; Sulo, Gerhard109,244,850; Sultan, Iyad109,109,244,244,851,852; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael109,109,244,244,853,854; Tabb, Karen M.109,244,855; Tabuchi, Takahiro109,244,856; Taherkhani, Amir109,244,857; Tajdini, Masih109,244,858; Takahashi, Ken109,244,859; Takala, Jukka S.109,109,244,244,860,861; Tamiru, Animut Tagele109,244,862; Taveira, Nuno109,109,244,244,863,864; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash109,244,865; Temsah, Mohamad Hani76,109,244; Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn42,109,244; Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse42,109,244; Thurston, George D.109,244,866; Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna109,244,867; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza109,244,868; Tonelli, Marcello109,244,869; Topor-Madry, Roman109,109,244,244,870,871; Topouzis, Fotis109,244,872; Torre, Anna E.29,109,244; Touvier, Mathilde109,109,244,244,873,874; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto109,109,244,244,875,876; Tran, Bach Xuan109,244,877; Travillian, Ravensara29,109,244; Tsatsakis, Aristidis109,244,878; 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2020-10-17 | |
Source Publication | The Lancet |
ISSN | 0140-6736 |
Volume | 396Issue:10258Pages:1204-1222 |
Abstract | Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. |
DOI | 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9 |
URL | View the original |
Language | 英語English |
Scopus ID | 2-s2.0-85092481765 |
Fulltext Access | |
Citation statistics | |
Document Type | Journal article |
Collection | DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY |
Affiliation | 1.Department of Juridical and Economic Studies, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy 2.Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 3.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran 4.Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 5.School of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran 6.The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran, Iran 7.Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 8.Biostatistics Department, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus 9.Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia 10.Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran 11.Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden 12.Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France 13.University of Limoges, Limoges, France 14.Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 15.Department of Research, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines 16.Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar 17.Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States 18.Department of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 19.Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 20.School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom 21.School of Laboratory Medicine and Science, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 22.Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 23.Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa 24.Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa 25.School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran 26.Social Behavioral Research Branch, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States 27.Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States 28.Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, Seattle, United States 29.Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, United States 30.Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada 31.Urology Research Center, Tehran, Iran 32.Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Delhi, India 33.Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States 34.Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 35.Lincoln Medical School, Universities of Nottingham and Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom 36.Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 37.Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 38.Department of Ophthalmology, Tehran, Iran 39.Ophthalmic Research Center, Tehran, Iran 40.Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia 41.Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia 42.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia 43.Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 44.Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom 45.Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, United States 46.Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States 47.School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 48.Department of Public Health, The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria 49.Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria 50.Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, United States 51.John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States 52.Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, United States 53.Murdoch Business School, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia 54.Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada 55.Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia 56.Health Information Management and Technology Department, Dammam, Saudi Arabia 57.College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia 58.Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia 59.Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 60.Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan 61.Department of Information Systems, College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman 62.Directorate for Social Statistics and Population Census, Italian National Institute of Statistics, Rome, Italy 63.Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran 64.Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 65.Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 66.Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Bandar Abbas, Iran 67.Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait 68.International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia 69.Bordeaux School of Public Health, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France 70.Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 71.Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 72.Medical Research Center, Jazan, Saudi Arabia 73.Department of Parasitology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen 74.Research Program of Epidemiology and Public Health, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain 75.Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CiberESP), Madrid, Spain 76.Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 77.Health Management and Economics Reasearch Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 78.Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran 79.Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya 80.Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania 81.Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia 82.Cardiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania 83.Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania 84.School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom 85.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 86.Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran 87.Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran 88.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 89.Research Center on Public Health, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy 90.Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines 91.Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 92.Agribusiness Study Program, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia 93.Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 94.Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran 95.Department of Pathology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 96.Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana 97.Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany 98.Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 99.Department of Applied Math, Seattle, United States 100.Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases, Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre, Florence, Italy 101.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran 102.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran 103.Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 104.School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden 105.School of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol, Iran 106.Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 107.Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 108.Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 109.Neurology Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States 110.Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran 111.Department of Health System and Health Economics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 112.Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan 113.Gastroenterology Department, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium 114.School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom 115.The Judith Lumley Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 116.School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 117.Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana 118.Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan, Iran 119.Department of Reproductive Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia 120.Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Canada 121.Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 122.Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India 123.Department of Healthcare Management and Education, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 124.Department of Anesthesiology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 125.Department of Health Policy, Management, and Economics, Tehran, Iran 126.Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Mangalore, India 127.Epidemiology Department, Local Health Authority of Florence, Firenze, Italy 128.Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia 129.Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States 130.Department of Prevention, USL Tuscany Center, Florence, Italy 131.Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland 132.Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland 133.School of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, United States 134.Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia 135.School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 136.T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States 137.Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany 138.Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontifical Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia 139.Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh 140.Center for Primary Care, Boston, United States 141.School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 142.Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany 143.Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, Australia 144.Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 145.Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States 146.Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia 147.Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India 148.Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy 149.Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France 150.Dijon Stroke Registry - UFR Sciences Santé, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France 151.School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, United States 152.Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 153.Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia 154.Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, United States 155.Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates 156.Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 157.Department of Health Information Management, Mangalore, India 158.Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India 159.Institutes of Applied Health Research and Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 160.Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 161.School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 162.Public Health Research Laboratory, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal 163.Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India 164.Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India 165.Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 166.Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan 167.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol, Iran 168.Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy 169.National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 170.Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh 171.Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy 172.Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Adis Ababa, Ethiopia 173.Department of Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debretabor, Ethiopia 174.Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 175.School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia 176.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran 177.Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 178.Department of Research and Innovation, Petanux Research GmBH, Bonn, Germany 179.Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico 180.Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy 181.Department of Endocrinology, Hamadan, Iran 182.Department of Oncology, Milan, Italy 183.Division of Hematology and Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, United States 184.School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 185.Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States 186.Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States 187.Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany 188.Institute of Epidemiology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany 189.Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany 190.Department of Biomedical Technologies, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 191.Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 192.Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services, Panama City, Panama 193.Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada 194.Department of Community Medicine, Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bengalore, India 195.School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada 196.Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 197.Institute of Microengineering, Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 198.Department of Nutrition, Boston, United States 199.Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina 200.Health and Nutrition Research Center, Cuernavaca, Mexico 201.Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico 202.Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy 203.Department of Medical, Karolinska Institutet, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden 204.Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 205.Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 206.Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia 207.Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia 208.Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy 209.Department of Mental Health, Healthcare Agency "Friuli Occidentale", Pordenone, Italy 210.Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama 211.Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 212.National Institute of Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom 213.Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia 214.Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States 215.Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, United States 216.Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 217.Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 218.Research Department, D.Y. Patil University, Pune, India 219.Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 220.Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan 221.Division of Plastic Surgery, Seattle, United States 222.Biomedical Informatics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea 223.Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 224.Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam 225.Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States 226.Department of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom 227.Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom 228.School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 229.School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia 230.Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 231.Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy 232.Department of Key Questions and International Cooperation, North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) Centre for Health, Bochum, Germany 233.Bielefeld School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany 234.Health Effects Institute, Boston, United States 235.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, United States 236.Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil 237.Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Park West, South Africa 238.Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States 239.Environmental Health Department, Dammam, Saudi Arabia 240.Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique 241.Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy 242.Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States 243.Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom 244.Department of Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom 245.Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq 246.Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 247.Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan 248.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States 249.James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 250.Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 251.Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 252.Department of Population and Development, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico 253.Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania 254.Department of Surgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Sf. Pantelimon, Bucharest, Romania 255.Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia 256.National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 257.Dermatology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, United States 258.Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, United States 259.Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 260.School of Pharmacy, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia 261.Department of Pharmacy, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia 262.Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Cuernavaca, Mexico 263.St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom 264.Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 265.Department of Microbiology, Far Western University, Mahendranagar, Nepal 266.Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 267.Laboratory of Toxicology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 268.Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico 269.Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 270.Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran 271.Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam 272.Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria 273.Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 274.Department of Health Policy and Management, Tabriz, Iran 275.Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia 276.School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil 277.Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil 278.Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Boston, United States 279.Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, United States 280.School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia 281.Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden 282.Department of Neurology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 283.Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt 284.Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt 285.Department of Public Health, Abu Dhabi University, Khalifa City, United Arab Emirates 286.Cardiology Department, Boston, United States 287.Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia 288.School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 289.Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia 290.Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran 291.Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran 292.Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 293.Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran, Iran 294.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States 295.Unit of Medical Physiology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia 296.School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States 297.School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran 298.College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 299.Department of Medical Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 300.Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy 301.Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil 302.Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran 303.Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah, Iran 304.Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran, Iran 305.Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran 306.National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand 307.Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 308.Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada 309.Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 310.Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Sydney, Australia 311.Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, United States 312.School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, United States 313.Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany 314.James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States 315.Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 316.Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine 317.Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria 318.Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation 319.Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States 320.Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran 321.College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia 322.Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 323.Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 324.Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States 325.Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States 326.Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Milan, Italy 327.Department of Tuberculosis, Manhiça Health Research Center (CISM), Manhiça, Mozambique 328.Viral and Bacterial Infections Research Program, Barcelona, Spain 329.Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia 330.Department of Reproductive Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia 331.Department of Environmental Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia 332.Department of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 333.Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia 334.Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States 335.Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran 336.Pediatric Department, Kermanshah, Iran 337.Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 338.Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz, Iran 339.Occupational Health Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 340.Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 341.Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom 342.Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark 343.Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran 344.Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran 345.Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States 346.Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom 347.Discipline of Public Health Medicine, Durban, South Africa 348.University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 349.Laboratory of Neurological Disorders, Milan, Italy 350.Third Department of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation 351.Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States 352.Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia 353.Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy 354.Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 355.Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 356.Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 357.Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 358.Health Improvement Directorate, London, United Kingdom 359.Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates 360.Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 361.Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy 362.Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq 363.Department of Epidemiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla 364.Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla 365.Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health (IPTSP), Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil 366.College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia 367.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 368.Department of Epidemiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China 369.Department of Preventive Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India 370.Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India 371.Medical Resources, March of Dimes, Arlington, United States 372.Health Policy, Management and Leadership, West Virginia University, School of Public Health, Morgantown, United States 373.Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India 374.School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran 375.MSc Epidemiology Programme, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 376.College of Medicine, Umm AL Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia 377.Obesity Research Center, Tehran, Iran 378.Department of Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran 379.Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao 380.Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 381.Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain 382.School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 383.Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States 384.Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada 385.Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia 386.Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia 387.Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 388.Research Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 389.Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Barcelona, Spain 390.Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt 391.ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 392.Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 393.Department of Healthcare Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran 394.Department of Public Health, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia 395.Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 396.Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 397.School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran 398.Skaane University Hospital, Skaane County Council, Malmoe, Sweden 399.Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan 400.Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China 401. 402.School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran 403.School of Business, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom 404.Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran 405.Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom 406.Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands 407.Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, United States 408.Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India 409.Centre for Bio Cultural Studies (CBiCS), Mangalore, India 410.Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States 411.Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited, Tangail, Bangladesh 412.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran, Iran 413.Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran, Iran 414.Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq 415.Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam 416.Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania 417.Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania 418.Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania 419.Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar 420.Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia 421.Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 422.Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China 423.School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China 424.Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh 425.Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan 426.Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 427.Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 428.International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan 429.Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Seattle, United States 430.Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 431.Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 432.Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 433.Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 434.Division of Community Health and Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India 435.College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 436.Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran 437.Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia 438.Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia 439.Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Suita-city, Japan 440.Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa 441.South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa 442.Knowledge Translation, Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, Canada 443.Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 444.Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, United States 445.Department of Immunology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 446.N. A. Semashko Department of Public Health and Healthcare, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 447.Department of Global Health, Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 448.Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 449.Health Informatic Lab, Boston University, Boston, United States 450.Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 451.Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India 452.Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan, Iran 453.Department of Community Medicine, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India 454.Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 455.George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 456.Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, United States 457. 458.Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 459.Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany 460.Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China 461.Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland 462.Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 463.Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 464.School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland 465.Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 466.Department of Neurology, Seattle, United States 467.Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz, Iran 468.Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 469.Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India 470.Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany 471.Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 472.Centre for Therapeutic Target Validation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom 473.College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia 474.MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom 475.International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria 476.Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands 477.Open, Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya 478.School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan 479.Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 480.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan 481.Epidemiology Department, Jazan, Saudi Arabia 482.Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom 483.College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, United States 484.Department of Medical Parasitology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 485.Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India 486.Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 487.The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 488.Department of Epidemiology, Hamadan, Iran 489.Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil 490.Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil 491.Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul, South Korea 492.School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia 493.Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, United States 494.School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway 495.Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway 496.Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom 497.Centre for Disease Burden, Bergen, Norway 498.Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States 499.Department of Global Health, Seattle, United States 500.Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India 501.Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, Canada 502.Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India 503.Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain 504.Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain 505.Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 506.Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 507.Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands 508.Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada 509.Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada 510.Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India 511.Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States 512.Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada 513.Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 514.Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia 515.Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy 516.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom 517.School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 518.Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland 519.Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq 520.Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama 521.Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Canada 522.Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 523.St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom 524.Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 525.Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden 526.Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India 527.Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Padova, Italy 528.Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain 529.School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 530.School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 531.School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia 532.Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, Australia 533.Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy 534.Center for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 535.Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 536.Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China 537.School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel 538.Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China 539.Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, United States 540.Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States 541.Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 542.Department of Nutrition, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines 543.Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines 544.Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany 545.Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena, Germany 546.Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 547.Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit, Cape Town, South Africa 548.Academy of Medical Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States 549.Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States 550.Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 551.Clinical Research Development Center, Kermanshah, Iran 552.Digestive Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran 553.Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 554.Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 555.General Surgery Department I, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 556.Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran 557.Psychiatric Epidemiology and Burden of Disease Research, Brisbane, Australia 558.Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, United States 559.Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia 560.Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia 561.Campus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Caucaia, Brazil 562.Faculty of Health and Education, Botho University-Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana 563.Department of Midwifery, Hamadan, Iran 564.Health Policy Research, Gurugram, India 565.Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom 566.School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 567.Research Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia 568.Department of Ophthalmology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom 569.Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 570.National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 571.Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 572.Neurology Department, Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society, New Delhi, India 573.Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India 574.Nutrition Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 575.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States 576.College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 577.Research and Innovation Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 578.Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru 579.Forensic Medicine Division, Dammam, Saudi Arabia 580.Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 581.Health Research Institute, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 582.Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 583.Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia 584.School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 585.Neurology Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland 586.University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 587.Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland 588.Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia 589.University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia 590.Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Szczecin, Poland 591.Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland 592.Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Szczecin, Poland 593.Department of Women-Mother-Child, Vaud University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland 594.Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, United States 595.Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada 596.Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India 597.Women's Institute for Social and Health Studies, Trivandrum, India 598.Department of Environmental Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 599.Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran 600.Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 601.Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 602.Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 603.Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Kermanshah, Iran 604.Water Quality Research Center, Tehran, Iran 605.Comprehensive Research Laboratory, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 606.Department of Community Medicine, Mangalore, India 607.Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany 608.Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 609.Department of Forestry, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq 610.Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 611.Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan, Iran 612.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 613.Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 614.Kashmar Center of Higher Health Education, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 615.School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia 616.Department of Public Health, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia 617.Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia 618.Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 619.Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy 620.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 621.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 622.Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom 623.International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia 624.University Hospital Center of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 625.Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seattle, United States 626.Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol, Iran 627.Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 628.Department of Food Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil 629.Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany 630.Center for Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany 631.Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, India 632.School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia 633.Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia 634.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 635.Knowledge Translation and Utilization Unit, Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Egypt 636.Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India 637.Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India 638.Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany 639.Department of Cardiology, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 640.Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation 641.Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation 642.Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Kermanshah, Iran 643.Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India 644.Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics, and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon 645.Department of Public Health, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon 646.Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 647.Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 648.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya 649.Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam 650.Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada 651.Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottowa, Canada 652.Department of Global Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 653.Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan 654.Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden 655.Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 656.Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama 657.Department of Public Health, Herrera, Panama 658.Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 659.Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia 660.Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea 661.Disease Surveillance and Epidemic Response, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya 662.Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 663.Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada 664.Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 665.Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria 666.Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria 667.Substance Related Harms Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Canada 668.School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada 669.Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain 670.Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Institute for Health Research Foundation Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain 671.Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria 672.Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands 673.Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana 674.Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 675.Division of Mental and Physical Health, Bergen, Norway 676.Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 677.Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 678.Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India 679.Department of Forensic Medicine, Mangalore, India 680.Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 681.Department of Research, Gurugram, India 682.Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa 683.Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa 684.Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, United States 685.Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 686.Department of Poverty, Gender and Youth, Population Council, New Delhi, India 687.Research and Development Department, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India 688.Community Health Sciences Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada 689.Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 690.Population Health Theme, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia 691.Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 692.Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 693.Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines 694.School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, United States 695.School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 696.Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States 697.Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 698.SSD Epidemiology Screening, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy 699.Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation 700.Department of Environmental Hygiene, German Environment Agency, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany 701.Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands 702.Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia 703.Discipline of General Practice, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia 704.School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands 705.University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands 706.Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 707.Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran 708.Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, Cuernavaca, Mexico 709.Clinical Research Center, Valle del Lili Foundation, Cali, Colombia 710.Center for Studies in Social Protection and Health Economics, ICESI University, Cali, Colombia 711.Askok and Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India 712.Health Sciences Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia 713.Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India 714.Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 715.Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 716.College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States 717.Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 718.Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, India 719.School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Australia 720.Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 721.Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland 722.Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States 723.School of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran 724.Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal 725.Health and Public Policy Department, Global Center for Research and Development, Kathmandu, Nepal 726.Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India 727.Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 728.WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 729.University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom 730.Academic Public Health England, London, United Kingdom 731.School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, Australia 732.Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, United States 733.Department of Mathematical Demography and Statistics, Mumbai, India 734.School of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Muharraq Governorate, Bahrain 735.School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia 736.Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran 737.Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 738.School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand 739.Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 740.Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States 741.Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda 742. 743.Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil 744.Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia 745.Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 746.Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (GRCGH), Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran 747.Division of Cardiology, Seattle, United States 748.Agrosavia, Palmira, Colombia 749.Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana 750.Department of Epidemiology, Tehran, Iran 751.School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 752.Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia 753.Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 754.Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 755.Department of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), Tehran, Iran 756.Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Tehran, Iran 757.Aging Research Institute, Tabriz, Iran 758.Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz, Iran 759.Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 760.Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 761.Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran 762.Department of Phytochemistry, Soran University, Soran, Iraq 763.Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 764.Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India 765.Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran, Iran 766.Urology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 767.Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 768.Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Iran 769.Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 770.Global Health Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 771.Center for Health Policy, Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Stanford, United States 772.Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, United States 773.Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan 774.Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz, Iran 775.Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 776.Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States 777.Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, United States 778.National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico 779.West Moreton Hospital Health Service, Brisbane, Australia 780.Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 781.Public Health Unit, ACES Grande Porto VIII - Espinho/Gaia, Northern Region Health Administration, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal 782.School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 783.Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India 784.PSG-FAIMER South Asia Regional Institute, Coimbatore, India 785.Faculty of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia 786.National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain 787.Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 788.Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 789.Department of Geriatrics and Long Term Care, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar 790.Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom 791.Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada 792.Dobney Hypertension Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia 793.University of New South Wales, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia 794.Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa 795.Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States 796.Oral Diagnosis, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charite University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany 797.Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia 798.Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India 799.School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, United States 800.Environmental Health Associates LLC, Englewood, United States 801.Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States 802.Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 803.Public Health Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine 804. 805.School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 806.Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life, and Social Welfare, University of Boras, Boras, Sweden 807.Division of General Internal Medicine, Boston, United States 808.Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 809.Health Information Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 810.Institute for Population Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom 811.Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 812.National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania 813.College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea 814.Korea University, Seoul, South Korea 815.Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland 816.Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran, Iran 817.Cancer Research Institute, Tehran, Iran 818.Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah, Iran 819.School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia 820.Medical Research Agency, Warsaw, Poland 821.School of Medicine, Cardinal Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland 822.Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Columbia University, New York, United States 823.Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland 824.School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States 825.Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, United States 826.Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, India 827.Department of Ophthalmology, Hywel Dda University Health Board, Llanelli, United Kingdom 828.Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark 829.Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Nastved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark 830.Department No.16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation 831.Pain Management Research Institute (PMRI), Sydney, Australia 832.Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 833.Princess University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain 834.Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain 835.Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia 836.Department of Research Development, Moscow, Russian Federation 837.Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City, United Kingdom 838.Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz, Iran 839.Division of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 840.David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States 841.Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa 842.Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 843.Department of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia 844.Schiller Institute, Boston College, Boston, United States 845.Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 846.Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 847.Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 848.National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India 849.Department of Statistics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, India 850.Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway 851.Pediatric Services, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan 852.Pediatrics Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan 853.Carlos III Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain 854.Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 855.School of Social Work, University of Illinois, Urbana, United States 856.Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan 857.Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan, Iran 858.Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran 859.Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, Australia 860.Department of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 861.International Comion on Occupational Health, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy 862.Department of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia 863.University Institute Egas Moniz, Monte da Caparica, Portugal 864.Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal 865.Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 866.Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, United States 867.Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation 868.HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 869.Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada 870.Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland 871.Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland 872.1st Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 873.Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France 874.Health, Medicine and Human Biology, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France 875.Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 876.Modestum LTD, London, United Kingdom 877.Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam 878.Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece 879.Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore 880.St. John of God Health Park, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain 881.School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 882.Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria 883.Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India 884.Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina 885.Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina 886.UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland 887.Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 888.Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 889.Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore 890.Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy 891.Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation 892.School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 893.Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mother and Child Healthcare Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Belgrade, Serbia 894.Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan 895.School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States 896.Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, United States 897.School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom 898.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 899.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, United States 900.Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States 901.Critical Care and Neurosciences Department, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia 902.Cardiology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia 903.Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States 904.Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States 905.Demographic Change and Aging Research Area, Wiesbaden, Germany 906.Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Wiesbaden, Germany 907.NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St.Thomas' Hospital, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom 908.Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China 909.School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 910.Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran 911.Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita-city, Japan 912.Research and Development Center for Health Services, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan 913.General Education Department, Babol, Iran 914.Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, United States 915.The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 916.School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada 917.Department of Health Management, Policy, and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 918.Health Services Management Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 919.School of Nursing, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia 920.Pediatrics Department, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria 921.Department of Pediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria 922.Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia 923.Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 924.Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong 925.Department of Neuropsychopharmaology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan 926.Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan 927.Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, United States 928.School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 929.Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States 930.Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz, Iran 931.Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 932.Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Research Center, Tehran, Iran 933.Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran 934.Student Research Committee, Babol, Iran 935.Department of Community Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran 936.Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation 937.Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation 938.Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 939.School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 940.School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 941.School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 942.School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China 943.Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 944.National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China 945.Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 946.London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 947.Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy |
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Abbafati, Cristiana,Abbas, Kaja M.,Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen,et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. The Lancet, 2020, 396(10258), 1204-1222. |
APA | Abbafati, Cristiana., Abbas, Kaja M.., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen., Abd-Allah, Foad., Abdelalim, Ahmed., Abdollahi, Mohammad., Abdollahpour, Ibrahim., Abegaz, Kedir Hussein., Abolhassani, Hassan., Aboyans, Victor., Abreu, Lucas Guimarães., Abrigo, Michael R.M.., Abualhasan, Ahmed., Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal., Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.., Adabi, Maryam., Adekanmbi, Victor., Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood., Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.., ...& Amini, Saeed (2020). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 396(10258), 1204-1222. |
MLA | Abbafati, Cristiana,et al."Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019".The Lancet 396.10258(2020):1204-1222. |
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