Owing to the potential safety hazards such as electrolyte leakage and flammability of traditional lithium batteries, nonflammable all-solid-state electrolytes are considered to be ideal electrolyte candidates for lithium batteries. However, how to effectively reduce the interface resistance between the solid-state electrolyte and the electrode is the key to the development of all-solid-state lithium batteries. In this article, we review the research progress in surface modification of all-solid-state lithium battery electrodes and electrolytes. The classic methods of improving the interface contact and reducing the interface resistance are also discussed. Based on the traditional methods, new surface modification technologies will provide new ideas for improving the performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries in the future.