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Deep and Ordinal Ensemble Learning for Human Age Estimation from Facial Images
Xie,Jiu Cheng; Pun,Chi Man
2020-01-13
Source PublicationIEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
ISSN1556-6013
Volume15Pages:2361-2374
Abstract

Some recent work treats age estimation as an ordinal ranking task and decomposes it into multiple binary classifications. However, a theoretical defect lies in this type of methods: the ignorance of possible contradictions in individual ranking results. In this paper, we partially embrace the decomposition idea and propose the Deep and Ordinal Ensemble Learning with Two Groups Classification (DOEL) for age prediction. An important advantage of our approach is that it theoretically allows the prediction even when the contradictory cases occur. The proposed method is characterized by a deep and ordinal ensemble and a two-stage aggregation strategy. Specifically, we first set up the ensemble based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) techniques, while the ordinal relationship is implicitly constructed among its base learners. Each base learner will classify the target face into one of two specific age groups. After achieving probability predictions of different age groups, then we make aggregation by transforming them into counting value distributions of whole age classes and getting the final age estimation from their votes. Moreover, to further improve the estimation performance, we suggest to regard the age class at the boundary of original two age groups as another age group and this modified version is named the Deep and Ordinal Ensemble Learning with Three Groups Classification (DOEL). Effectiveness of this new grouping scheme is validated in theory and practice. Finally, we evaluate the proposed two ensemble methods on controlled and wild aging databases, and both of them produce competitive results. Note that the DOEL shows the state-of-the-art performance in most cases.

KeywordConvolutional Neural Network Ensemble Learning Human Age Estimation Ordinal Regression
DOI10.1109/TIFS.2020.2965298
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaComputer Science ; Engineering
WOS SubjectComputer Science, Theory & Methods ; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
WOS IDWOS:000515707000011
PublisherIEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85077902156
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Citation statistics
Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Corresponding AuthorPun,Chi Man
AffiliationDepartment of Computer and Information Science,University of Macau,999078,Macao
First Author AffilicationUniversity of Macau
Corresponding Author AffilicationUniversity of Macau
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Xie,Jiu Cheng,Pun,Chi Man. Deep and Ordinal Ensemble Learning for Human Age Estimation from Facial Images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2020, 15, 2361-2374.
APA Xie,Jiu Cheng., & Pun,Chi Man (2020). Deep and Ordinal Ensemble Learning for Human Age Estimation from Facial Images. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 15, 2361-2374.
MLA Xie,Jiu Cheng,et al."Deep and Ordinal Ensemble Learning for Human Age Estimation from Facial Images".IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 15(2020):2361-2374.
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