Adsorption and photocatalysis are promising strategies to remove pollutants of dyes and antibiotics from wastewater. In this study, we demonstrate a rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal route for the assembly of 2D copper-porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks (Cu-TCPP MOFs) within 1 h. The resulting 2D Cu-TCPP nanosheets with excellent crystallinity and a large surface area (342.72 m/g) exhibited outstanding adsorption performance for typical dyes with adsorption capacities of about 185 mg/g for rhodamine B, 625 mg/g for methylene blue, and 290 mg/g for Congo red, respectively, as well as for representative antibiotics with adsorption capacities of about 130 mg/g for oxytocin, 150 mg/g for tetracycline, and 50 mg/g for norfloxacin, respectively. Meanwhile, the as-prepared 2D Cu-TCPP showed good photocatalytic degradation activity of pollutants after adsorption under irradiation by visible light, reaching removal efficiencies of 81.2 and 86.3% toward rhodamine B and norfloxacin, respectively. These results demonstrate the promising potential of 2D Cu-TCPP for use in the removal of contaminants from wastewater.