The rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been widely used for the remedy of gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, a simple and rapid HPLC-DAD was developed for the quality control of the rhizomes of A. officinarum. Its chemical fingerprint was established using raw material of 15 different origins in China. Similarity analysis (SA) and hierarchical clusting analysis (HCA) were applied to select the qualitative markers. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to select the quantitative markers of the rhizomes of A. officinarum samples from different origins. The constituents were confirmed by (+) electrospray ionization LC-MS. 12 constituents were selected as common peaks and 10 of them were confirmed by (+) electrospray ionization LC-MS. Six bioactive constituents including DPHA, galangin flavanone, galangin, galangin 3-methylether, DPHB and DPHC were simultaneous determination by using the HPLC-DAD analysis. The developed method was able to determine the bioactive components with excellent resolution, precision and recovery. The results indicated that chromatographic fingerprint combination with multi-components determination method is suitable for quality assessment of the rhizomes of A. officinarum.