Estimation of incidence rate and quick detection of its increases are important tasks in public health surveillance. In addition to being an efficient tool for online parameter estimation, the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) method has been widely used as an effective monitoring tool in statistical process control. Motivated by its successful applications, several EWMA-type methods are discussed for monitoring and estimating the incidence rate of adverse events in health care applications. The comparison results show that the conventional EWMA chart has a superior performance in detecting small shifts that occur at the start-up but very poor performance when shifts occur at a later time point. Instead, the adaptive EWMA method that is capable of dynamically updating its smoothing parameter can provide an overall good detection performance when shifts occur at both the first time point and a later time point. This result is validated using male thyroid cancer data in New Mexico.