The triterpenoids from Ganoderma resinaceum were investigated by using UPLC-QTOF-MS and their fragmentation behaviors are summarized in detail. Based on the fragmentation pathways, a strategy for identification of triterpenoids has been developed. The main triterpenoids in G. resinaceum can be classified into 6 types (type 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, 3-2) in three steps. Each step was controlled by the characteristic ions, which are summarized from fragmentation pathways of 34 reference compounds. Total 55 triterpenoids were identified from G. resinaceum. Thirty-four of them were identified by using reference standards. The other unknown compounds were tentatively identified by using the developed identification strategy. This work is helpful for phytochemical investigation of G. resinaceum as well as quality control of materials containing triterpenoids.