According to recent reports from the United Nations, the population of illicit drug users continues to grow globally, particularly in rapidly urbanizing, developing countries. As women’s social status increases, so does their involvement in illicit drug use. This article examines from an international perspective the root causes of women’s substance abuse, focusing on its socio-legal consequences and impacts on children’s early development. Taking a global view, the article outlines what we know about women who become addicted to illicit drugs and explores the role of women’s substance abuse in the development of deviant behavior among young children.