Micro - biological remediation is considered as one of the most efficiency methods to remediate the soil environment contaminated by the total petroleum hydrocarbon ( TPH) . The adverse effects of soil contaminated by total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, the characteristics of the physical, chemical and biological remediation methods in soil were reviewed in this paper. The definition and types of the micro - biological remediation were emphasized. The micro - biological remediation mechanisms of TPH were reviewed. The affecting factors such as temperature, electronic - accepter, pH and nutrition were also introduced in this paper.