Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have undoubtedly become one of the most promising battery systems due to their high energy density and the cost-effectiveness of sulfur cathodes. However, challenges, such as the shuttle effect from soluble long-chain lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the low conductivity of active materials, hinder their commercialization. Under this circumstance, molybdenum sulfide (MoS) has attracted widespread attention due to its unique physicochemical properties, particularly its capability to mitigate the shuttle effect in LSBs through electrostatic or chemical bonds. Nonetheless, the industrial application of MoS in LSBs is limited by the inertness of its basal surface and inadequate electron transfer properties. This review mainly introduces various modification strategies of MoS materials in LSBs and their effects on electrochemical and catalytic performance. Unlike previous reviews and related papers, detailed discussions were conducted on the specific mechanisms of each modification strategy, including (1) shape manipulation, (2) support engineering, (3) heterostructure engineering, (4) defect engineering, (5) interlayer engineering, (6) phase engineering, (7) strain engineering, (8) hybridization. Comprehensive conclusions and outlook on the development of MoS as an abundant electrocatalyst for LSBs are also discussed in the end. 

锂硫电池（LSBs）因其高能量密度以及硫阴极的成本效益，无疑已成为最有前景的电池系统之一。然而，可溶解的长链多硫化锂（LiPSs）的穿梭效应和活性材料的低电导率等挑战阻碍了其商业化。在这种情况下，二硫化钼（MoS₂）因其独特的物理化学性质，特别是通过静电或者化学键合抑制LSBs穿梭效应的能力引起了广泛的关注。但是，MoS₂在LSBs的工业化应用仍然受限于其惰性基面和较差的电子转移能力。本综述主要介绍了MoS₂材料在LSBs领域的各种改性策略及其对电化学和催化性能的影响。不同于此前的相关综述及文章，本综述对每种改性策略的具体机制进行了详细的讨论，包括（i）形状操纵；（ii）支撑工程；（iii）异质结构工程；（iv）缺陷工程；（v）插层工程；（vi）相工程；（vii）应变工程；（viii）复合法。最后，本文总结并展望了MoS₂作为LSBs的广泛电催化剂的未来发展。