This chapter offers an introductory account of Bentham’s utilitarian constitutional theory, and compares some aspects of Bentham’s constitutional theory with those of J.S. Mill. First, it discusses Bentham’s and Mill’s theories of the nature and the ideal shape of a constitution. Second, it analyses the principles of Bentham’s constitutional design, and investigates the differences between them and those of Mill’s. Third, it explores Bentham’s and Mill’s theories of the moral limits of the power of government. Fourth, it presents the system and the machinery of Benthamic representative government. Fifth, it examines Mill’s discussion of the tyranny of the majority, the resources in Bentham’s thought which can be deployed to tackle this danger and Bentham’s attitude towards checks and balances.