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A 167-μW 71.7-dB SFDR 2.4-GHz BLE Receiver Using a Passive Quadrature Front End, a Double-Sided Double-Balanced Cascaded Mixer, and a Dual-Transformer-Coupled Class-D VCO
Shao, Haijun1; Martins, Rui P.1,2; Mak, Pui In1
2024-10
Source PublicationIEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
ISSN0018-9200
Abstract

This article reports a 2.4-GHz Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) receiver with a number of passive-intensive RF functions to improve power efficiency and blocker resilience. It features a passive quadrature front end (QFE) built with a hybrid coupler plus two step-up transformers. They passively provide input-impedance matching, voltage gain, and single-ended-to-differential-I/Q RF generation. The four-phase RF outputs simplify the LO generator into a 2.4-GHz class-D voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) that has an intrinsically boosted output swing, averting the power-hungry divider-by-2 and LO buffers. The frequency down-conversion based on a double-sided double-balanced (DSDB) cascaded mixer offers a high passive gain to reduce the noise and power consumption of the baseband (BB) circuitry while securing a high spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) to tolerate the out-of-band (OOB) blockers. The BB circuitry is a power-efficient hybrid low-IF filter that employs a 2nd-order active-feedback notching to enhance the 1st-adjacent channel rejection. Fabricated in 28-nm CMOS, the BLE receiver exhibits a maximum RF-to-IF gain of 71 dB. The noise figure (NF) is 8.5 dB and the OOB-IIP3 is 20.1 dBm; they correspond to a 71.7-dB SFDR for a 2-MHz BLE channel and a 10-dB minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNRmin). The VCO exhibits a phase noise (PN) of-110/-119.1/-131 dBc/Hz at 1-/2.5-/10-MHz offset, corresponding to a figure of merit (FOM) of 188/189/189.1 dBc/Hz, respectively. The total power consumption of the receiver, including the VCO, is 167 μW.

KeywordAdjacent Channel Bluetooth Low Energy (Ble) Cascaded Cmos Double Balanced Figure Of Merit (Fom) Hybrid Coupler Noise Figure (Nf) Notching Out Of Band (Oob) Passive Intensive Phase Noise (Pn) Quadrature Signal-to-noise Ratio (Snr) Spurious-free Dynamic Range (Sfdr) Ultra-low-power (Ulp) Voltage-controlled Oscillator (Vco)
DOI10.1109/JSSC.2024.3462093
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaEngineering
WOS SubjectEngineering, Electrical & Electronic
WOS IDWOS:001329040300001
PublisherIEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85205714132
Fulltext Access
Citation statistics
Document TypeJournal article
CollectionTHE STATE KEY LABORATORY OF ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL VLSI (UNIVERSITY OF MACAU)
INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Corresponding AuthorMak, Pui In
Affiliation1.University of Macau, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Macao
2.Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, 1649-004, Portugal
First Author AffilicationFaculty of Science and Technology
Corresponding Author AffilicationFaculty of Science and Technology
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Shao, Haijun,Martins, Rui P.,Mak, Pui In. A 167-μW 71.7-dB SFDR 2.4-GHz BLE Receiver Using a Passive Quadrature Front End, a Double-Sided Double-Balanced Cascaded Mixer, and a Dual-Transformer-Coupled Class-D VCO[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2024.
APA Shao, Haijun., Martins, Rui P.., & Mak, Pui In (2024). A 167-μW 71.7-dB SFDR 2.4-GHz BLE Receiver Using a Passive Quadrature Front End, a Double-Sided Double-Balanced Cascaded Mixer, and a Dual-Transformer-Coupled Class-D VCO. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.
MLA Shao, Haijun,et al."A 167-μW 71.7-dB SFDR 2.4-GHz BLE Receiver Using a Passive Quadrature Front End, a Double-Sided Double-Balanced Cascaded Mixer, and a Dual-Transformer-Coupled Class-D VCO".IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits (2024).
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