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A 512-nW 0.003-mm2 Forward-Forward Black Box Trainer for an Analog Voice Activity Detector in 28-nm CMOS
LI JUNDE1; XIN GUOQIANG1; YU WEI HAN1; UN KA FAI1; RUI P MARTINS1,2; MAK PUI IN1
2024-11
Source PublicationIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
ISSN1549-7747
Volume71Issue:11Pages:4703-4707
Abstract

Analog Voice Activity Detector (VAD) is a promising candidate for a power and cost-efficient solution for AIoT voice assistants. Regrettably, the PVT variation from the analog circuits and data misalignment from sensors limit the VAD accuracy with conventional backpropagation model-based training (BPMBT). This brief presents a forward-forward closed box trainer (FFBBT) for analog VADs. It trains the analog circuit without knowing the circuit model or finding its gradient. Thus, it is insensitive to PVT variation and offset, achieving a measured VAD accuracy improvement of ∼3% and an accuracy variation reduction of 5.6×. Moreover, a Tensor-Compressed DerivativeFree Optimizer (TCDFO) is also proposed to reduce the required memory for FFBBT by 1600×. The FFBBT with TCDFO is synthesized in 28 nm CMOS with a power of 512 nW and an area of 0.003 mm2

KeywordVoice Activity Detection Convolution Neural Network Edge Learning Forward-forward Algorithm Black Box Training Back Propagation
DOI10.1109/TCSII.2024.3452112
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaEngineering
WOS SubjectEngineering, Electrical & Electronic
WOS IDWOS:001348293900032
PublisherIEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85202772973
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Citation statistics
Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
THE STATE KEY LABORATORY OF ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL VLSI (UNIVERSITY OF MACAU)
INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Corresponding AuthorYU WEI HAN
Affiliation1.State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI/Institute of Microelectronics and the Faculty of Science and Technology–ECE, University of Macau, Macau, China
2.Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
First Author AffilicationFaculty of Science and Technology
Corresponding Author AffilicationFaculty of Science and Technology
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
LI JUNDE,XIN GUOQIANG,YU WEI HAN,et al. A 512-nW 0.003-mm2 Forward-Forward Black Box Trainer for an Analog Voice Activity Detector in 28-nm CMOS[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS, 2024, 71(11), 4703-4707.
APA LI JUNDE., XIN GUOQIANG., YU WEI HAN., UN KA FAI., RUI P MARTINS., & MAK PUI IN (2024). A 512-nW 0.003-mm2 Forward-Forward Black Box Trainer for an Analog Voice Activity Detector in 28-nm CMOS. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS, 71(11), 4703-4707.
MLA LI JUNDE,et al."A 512-nW 0.003-mm2 Forward-Forward Black Box Trainer for an Analog Voice Activity Detector in 28-nm CMOS".IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS 71.11(2024):4703-4707.
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