This chapter investigates English language policy and practice in Hong Kong and Macau. The two Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of China share similarities such as colonial histories and a multilingual policy. However, with different colonizing languages (English and Portuguese, respectively) and the different status and usage of the English language, the SARs part ways concerning English-related policy and educational practice. This chapter reviews the policy governing the English language in the two contexts and analyses its enactment across levels of education from the primary to the tertiary, on aspects including the medium of instruction, textbooks and language assessment, and human resources management. It also discusses how the policy interacts with the parallel policies and wider geopolitical and social contexts. The implications from the issues highlighted along the way such as educational equity conclude the chapter.