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AF-Net: An Active Fire Detection Model Using Improved Object-Contextual Representations on Unbalanced UAV Datasets
Hu, Xikun1; Liu, Wenlin1; Wen, Hao1; Yuen, Ka Veng2; Jin, Tian1; Junior, Alberto Costa Nogueira3; Zhong, Ping1
2024-05-29
Source PublicationIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
ISSN1939-1404
Volume17Pages:13558-13569
Abstract

Active fire detection is essential for early warning of wildfires to help suppress and mitigate damage. This study presents an AF-Net model based on object-contextual representations (OCR) for active fire segmentation from very high-resolution (VHR) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) remote sensing images. To efficiently detect heat anomalies in forests from large UAV scenes, we have to handle the class imbalance between small active fire pixels and large-area complex background information. Class imbalance affects the model optimization and makes the training process stuck at a local minimum. Our work aims to address this issue by improving the object-contextual feature representations associated with fire in three ways. First, we employ a grid-based sampling strategy by constraining sampling ranges and reducing background samples. It improves the proportion of foreground pixels from 5.6% to 7.9% and maintains at least one active fire pixel in each sample. Then, we simplify the OCR module to strengthen small object representations related to the active fire using a self-attention unit. The OCR module receives multi-scale pixel representations as input from the HRNet-W48 backbone. Lastly, the weighted binary cross-entropy loss and the Lovász hinge loss are combined to improve the detection accuracy by optimizing the foreground IoU. We evaluate the performance of the proposed AF-Net on one aerial active fire benchmark (FLAME dataset). The proposed framework improves the mIoU score from 78.17% (baseline UNet) to 91.14%.

KeywordActive Fire (Af) Detection Deep Learning Object-contextual Representation (Ocr) Self-attention Semantic Segmentation Very High-resolution (Vhr) Aerial Data
DOI10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3406767
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaEngineering ; Physical Geography ; Remote Sensing ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
WOS SubjectEngineering, Electrical & Electronic ; Geography, Physical ; Remote Sensing ; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
WOS IDWOS:001290233800004
PublisherIEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85194837443
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Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
THE STATE KEY LABORATORY OF INTERNET OF THINGS FOR SMART CITY (UNIVERSITY OF MACAU)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Corresponding AuthorZhong, Ping
Affiliation1.College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
2.State Key Laboratory on Internet of Things for Smart City and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, China
3.IBM Research Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Hu, Xikun,Liu, Wenlin,Wen, Hao,et al. AF-Net: An Active Fire Detection Model Using Improved Object-Contextual Representations on Unbalanced UAV Datasets[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2024, 17, 13558-13569.
APA Hu, Xikun., Liu, Wenlin., Wen, Hao., Yuen, Ka Veng., Jin, Tian., Junior, Alberto Costa Nogueira., & Zhong, Ping (2024). AF-Net: An Active Fire Detection Model Using Improved Object-Contextual Representations on Unbalanced UAV Datasets. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 17, 13558-13569.
MLA Hu, Xikun,et al."AF-Net: An Active Fire Detection Model Using Improved Object-Contextual Representations on Unbalanced UAV Datasets".IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 17(2024):13558-13569.
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