This chapter explicates the political thought of Huang-Lao in conjunction with its views on war and peace in the Pre-Han and Han periods of ancient China. Compared with other early Chinese philosophical schools and their influences, Huang-Lao was relatively unknown in the English-speaking world before an archaeological discovery in southern China in 1973. Its relation to Daoism (both philosophical Daoism and religious Daoism) and other schools of thought in ancient China is still under heated debate. The author’s analyses is focused on the Huangdi sijing (Four Books the Yellow Emperor), one of the most representative texts of the Huang-Lao tradition. The discussion consists of four parts: (1) the definition of Huang-Lao; (2) Huang-Lao’s political philosophy; (3) the conception of war in Huangdi sijing; and (4) a comparative perspective in light of the contemporary discourse on just war. The author intends to offer a unique Huang-Lao’s view on warfare in its own terms, while at the same time bringing it into a conversation with the current debate on war and peace.