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A 16-MHz Crystal Oscillator With 17.5-μs Start-Up Time Under 104-ppm-ΔF Injection Using Automatic Phase-Error Correction
Wang, Zixuan1; Wang, Xin1; Lei, Ka Meng2; Zhang, Wenjing1; Yin, Yunjin1; Xu, Tailong2,3; Cai, Zhikuang1; Guo, Yufeng1; Mak, Pui-In2
2024-11
Source PublicationIEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
ISSN0018-9200
Volume59Issue:11Pages:3780-3790
Abstract

Fast start-up crystal oscillators (XOs) based on energy injection with an auxiliary oscillator (AO) are efficacious in improving the energy consumption of duty-cycled the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Nonetheless, the frequency mismatch ( ΔF ) between the injection frequency and the crystal’s resonance frequency restrains the injection efficiency and start-up improvement. This work presents an automatic phase-error correction (APEC) technique for automatically correcting the phase error incurred due to ΔF up to 104 ppm and safeguarding the XO start-up performance. An inflection detector (ID) based on a dynamic comparator (DCMP) traces the crystal resonant signal’s peak points and selects the appropriate signals for injection. We fabricated the proposed fast start-up XO in a 40-nm CMOS process. It achieves a start-up time of 17.5 μ s with a 16-MHz crystal and a 1.0-V VDD . Furthermore, the start-up time only varies by ±1.42% over a ΔF of ±104 ppm, and ±4.5% amid temperature variations (−40°C to 85 ∘ C), evincing the robustness of the proposed technique. The power consumption and phase noise in the steady state are 84 μ W and −139 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset, respectively. 

KeywordAutomatic Phase-error Correction (Apec) Crystal Oscillator (Xo) Fast Start-up Injection-frequency-mismatch Tolerance Single-ended Energy Injection
DOI10.1109/JSSC.2024.3394000
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaEngineering
WOS SubjectEngineering, Electrical & Electronic
WOS IDWOS:001214369400001
PublisherIEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC, 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85192150171
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Citation statistics
Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
THE STATE KEY LABORATORY OF ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL VLSI (UNIVERSITY OF MACAU)
INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
Corresponding AuthorCai, Zhikuang; Mak, Pui-In
Affiliation1.National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Institute of Microelectronics, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
3.Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
Corresponding Author AffilicationFaculty of Science and Technology
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Wang, Zixuan,Wang, Xin,Lei, Ka Meng,et al. A 16-MHz Crystal Oscillator With 17.5-μs Start-Up Time Under 104-ppm-ΔF Injection Using Automatic Phase-Error Correction[J]. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, 2024, 59(11), 3780-3790.
APA Wang, Zixuan., Wang, Xin., Lei, Ka Meng., Zhang, Wenjing., Yin, Yunjin., Xu, Tailong., Cai, Zhikuang., Guo, Yufeng., & Mak, Pui-In (2024). A 16-MHz Crystal Oscillator With 17.5-μs Start-Up Time Under 104-ppm-ΔF Injection Using Automatic Phase-Error Correction. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, 59(11), 3780-3790.
MLA Wang, Zixuan,et al."A 16-MHz Crystal Oscillator With 17.5-μs Start-Up Time Under 104-ppm-ΔF Injection Using Automatic Phase-Error Correction".IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 59.11(2024):3780-3790.
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