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X2-Softmax: Margin adaptive loss function for face recognition
Xu, Jiamu1; Liu, Xiaoxiang1; Zhang, Xinyuan1; Si, Yain Whar3; Li, Xiaofan1; Shi, Zheng1; Wang, Ke2; Gong, Xueyuan1
2024-09
Source PublicationExpert Systems with Applications
ABS Journal Level1
ISSN0957-4174
Volume249Pages:123791
Abstract

Learning the discriminative features of different faces is an important task in face recognition. By extracting face features with neural networks, it becomes easy to measure the similarity of different face images, which makes face recognition possible. To enhance a neural network's face feature separability, incorporating an angular margin during training is common practice. The state-of-the-art loss functions CosFace and ArcFace apply fixed margins between the weights of classes to enhance the inter-class separation of face features. Since the distribution of samples in the training set is uneven, the similarities between different identities are unequal. Therefore, using an inappropriately fixed angular margin may lead to problems such as that the model has difficulty converging or that the face features are not sufficiently discriminative. It is more intuitive to use adaptive angular margins are angular adaptive, which can increase as the angles between classes increase. In this paper, we propose a new angular margin loss named X2-Softmax. X2-Softmax loss has adaptive angular margins, which increase as the angle between different classes increases. The angular adaptive margin ensures model flexibility and effectively improves the effect of face recognition. We trained a neural network with X2-Softmax loss on the MS1Mv3 dataset and tested it on several evaluation benchmarks to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our loss function.

KeywordAdaptive Margins Deep Neural Networks Face Recognition Loss Function Machine Learning
DOI10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123791
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaComputer Science ; Engineering ; Operations Research & Management Science
WOS SubjectComputer Science, Artificial Intelligence ; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic ; Operations Research & Management Science
WOS IDWOS:001219415400001
PublisherPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85188999483
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Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Science and Technology
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Corresponding AuthorXu, Jiamu; Liu, Xiaoxiang; Zhang, Xinyuan; Si, Yain Whar; Li, Xiaofan; Shi, Zheng; Wang, Ke; Gong, Xueyuan
Affiliation1.School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangdong Province, China
2.College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangdong Province, China
3.Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao
Corresponding Author AffilicationFaculty of Science and Technology
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Xu, Jiamu,Liu, Xiaoxiang,Zhang, Xinyuan,et al. X2-Softmax: Margin adaptive loss function for face recognition[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2024, 249, 123791.
APA Xu, Jiamu., Liu, Xiaoxiang., Zhang, Xinyuan., Si, Yain Whar., Li, Xiaofan., Shi, Zheng., Wang, Ke., & Gong, Xueyuan (2024). X2-Softmax: Margin adaptive loss function for face recognition. Expert Systems with Applications, 249, 123791.
MLA Xu, Jiamu,et al."X2-Softmax: Margin adaptive loss function for face recognition".Expert Systems with Applications 249(2024):123791.
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