本文考察新近整理、刊行的三本17世纪 “西班牙语-闽南语” 文献, 辅以19世纪罗马字语料和21世纪共时调查结果, 以相互间隔两百年的三个连续时间段描写、比较多功能词 “共” “合” 在漳州方言的用法, 从历时角度探讨其语法功能叠置特征和竞争演变状态。研究表明, 类同于音韵层次叠置现象, 漳州方言多功能词 “共” “合” 因功能叠置而在历时上发生竞争, 从功能叠置走向功能互补, 演变特点差异显著。 “共” “合” 在漳州方言中的分布与演变可为两者在其他地区闽南方言中的关系提供参考, 亦为历史层次分析理论作用于语法领域提供实例论证。

This paper focuses on three 17th-century “Spanish-Hokkien” documents that were recently collated and published, supplemented by 19th-century Romanized dialect records and 21st-century fieldwork data, describes the multifunctional function words Gong(共) and He(合) of Zhangzhou dialect, and discusses their strata characteristics and competitive evolution from a diachronic perspective. It concludes that similar to the phonological strata phenomenon, “Gong” and “He” compete diachronically and have significantly different evolution trends due to the overlapping of semantics and functions. The distribution and evolution of “Gong” and “He” in Zhangzhou dialect provide references for other Southern Min dialects and also provide examples for the historical stratum analysis in the field of grammar.