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A 12-/13.56-MHz Crystal Oscillator with Binary-Search-Assisted Two-Step Injection Achieving 5.0-nJ Startup Energy and 45.8-μs Startup Time | |
Li, Haihua1; Lei, Ka Meng1; Martins, Rui P.1,2; Mak, Pui In1 | |
2024-02-01 | |
Source Publication | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits |
ISSN | 0018-9200 |
Volume | 59Issue:2Pages:464-475 |
Abstract | This article reports a 12-/13.56-MHz fast-Andenergy-efficient startup crystal oscillator (XO) featuring a binary-search-Assisted two-step injection technique for ultralowpower duty-cycled radios. Specifically, after the first injection, a calibration module refines the auxiliary oscillator's frequency toward the crystal's resonant frequency in a binary-search fashion with a sub-500-ppm error for the second injection. This calibration method eliminates the closed-loop phase-locked loop (PLL) and shortens the calibration period into 48 clock cycles. Prototyped in a 65-nm CMOS process, the XO occupies an active area of 0.134 mm2. The 13.56-MHz XO can achieve a startup time (ts) of 45.8 us with a VDD of 0.7 V, while consuming 5.0 nJ of energy.Ts varies by-2.2% amid temperature variations (-40 C to 85 C). Its steady-state power consumption is 28.4 uW, with an output phase noise of-143.7 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset (FoM: 241.8 dBc/Hz), manifesting its state-of-The-Art performance. |
Keyword | Binary-search Algorithm Crystal Oscillator (Xo) Internet-of-things (Iot) Ring Oscillator Sandwich Capacitor Stepwise Injection Two-step Injection Ultralow Power (Ulp) |
DOI | 10.1109/JSSC.2023.3300589 |
URL | View the original |
Indexed By | SCIE |
Language | 英語English |
WOS Research Area | Engineering |
WOS Subject | Engineering ; Electrical & Electronic |
WOS ID | WOS:001063642000001 |
Publisher | IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 |
Scopus ID | 2-s2.0-85168736242 |
Fulltext Access | |
Citation statistics | |
Document Type | Journal article |
Collection | Faculty of Science and Technology THE STATE KEY LABORATORY OF ANALOG AND MIXED-SIGNAL VLSI (UNIVERSITY OF MACAU) INSTITUTE OF MICROELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING |
Corresponding Author | Lei, Ka Meng |
Affiliation | 1.University of Macau, State Key Lab. of Analog and Mixed-Sign. VLSI/Inst. of Microlectron. and the Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng. /Fac. of Sci. and Technol., Macao 2.Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-004, Portugal |
First Author Affilication | University of Macau |
Corresponding Author Affilication | University of Macau |
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Li, Haihua,Lei, Ka Meng,Martins, Rui P.,et al. A 12-/13.56-MHz Crystal Oscillator with Binary-Search-Assisted Two-Step Injection Achieving 5.0-nJ Startup Energy and 45.8-μs Startup Time[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2024, 59(2), 464-475. |
APA | Li, Haihua., Lei, Ka Meng., Martins, Rui P.., & Mak, Pui In (2024). A 12-/13.56-MHz Crystal Oscillator with Binary-Search-Assisted Two-Step Injection Achieving 5.0-nJ Startup Energy and 45.8-μs Startup Time. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 59(2), 464-475. |
MLA | Li, Haihua,et al."A 12-/13.56-MHz Crystal Oscillator with Binary-Search-Assisted Two-Step Injection Achieving 5.0-nJ Startup Energy and 45.8-μs Startup Time".IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 59.2(2024):464-475. |
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