碳点（CDs）作为一种新型光热纳米材料引起了肿瘤治疗领域的关注。然而，作为光热剂，碳点在深红（DR）至近红外（NIR）区域的光热转换效率有限。此外，碳点对肿瘤组织的靶向性也是急需解决的一个重要问题。本综述介绍了一些增强碳点深红或近红外吸收和光热转换效率的实用策略，包括尺寸调整、元素掺杂、表面修饰、半导体耦合和生物大分子包覆等。基于这些策略可以构建合适的碳点及其复合物，实现对肿瘤的靶向光热治疗。最后，我们希望建立高效的肿瘤识别和光热治疗一体化系统，实现碳点在肿瘤治疗中的临床应用，并为解决肿瘤相关问题和促进健康发展提供重要的科学意义和应用价值。

As a new type of photothermal nanomaterial，carbon dots（CDs）have attracted extensive attention in tumor therapy. However，limited carbon dots can achieve high photothermal conversion efficiency，especially in the deep red（DR）/near-infrared（NIR）region. Beyond that，the targeting of carbon dots to tumors is also an important issue that we urgently need to solve. In this review，some practical strategies，including size tuning，elemental doping，surface engineering，semiconductor coupling，and biomacromolecule coating，are introduced to enhance the deep red or near-infrared absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency of carbon dots. Based on these strategies，suitable carbon dots or their complexes are constructed to achieve targeted therapy for tumors. Finally，we hope to establish an efficient tumor identification and photothermal therapy system to realize the clinical application of carbon dots. We hope this integrated system has important scientific significance and application value in solving tumor-related problems and promoting health development.