Phyllanthi Fructus, Yuganzi in Chinese, is a traditional herb widely used in the whole world. It is derived from the dried ripe fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L., which contains polyphenols, flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, etc. and possesses pharmacological activities including hypoglycemia, liver protection, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer. It plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes, liver disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and anemia. In this study, the quality standard of Phyllanthi Fructus for European Pharmacopoeia (EP) monograph was established according to the technical guide for the elaboration of EP monographs. Tannins, loss on drying, total ash, and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid were determined according to the procedures of EP. The TLC identification method was established using gallic acid and ellagic acid as the reference substances. The contents of β-glucogallin, gallic acid, methyl gallate, corilagin, chebulinic acid, and ellagic acid were determined by HPLC combined with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-maker (QAMS) method. Fifteen batches of Phyllanthi Fructus from different regions were tested, and the results indicated that the established quality standard was specific and accurate, which provided useful research data for EP monograph. This study was supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR (0016/2021/A, 0070/2021/AGJ), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82104354), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515012154), and the funding grants from University of Macau (MYRG2022-00198-ICMS).