Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused a widespread epidemic and increased mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of patients with COVID-19 were classified as being mild, ordinary, severe, or critical. Abnormal blood cell counts and coagulation parameters were often detected in patients, such as lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets and an elevated D-dimer, higher inflammation biomarkers, and increased activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or prothrombin time (PT). Especially in patients with classified as critical, the level of D-dimer was suggested to be associated with higher mortality, and that antithrombotic therapy was a necessity for controlling thromboembolic symptoms. Theoretically, novel therapeutic strategies using nanotechnology may have good potential to show unique advantages of safety and efficacy in SARS-CoV-2 treatment. To further prevent the infection, vaccines were administered and proved the most efficient, but the thrombus caused by vaccination is a concern and treated with combined with appropriate nanotechnology.