What determines the internationalization performance of multinational corpora-tions (MNCs)? From institutional and knowledge perspectives, internationalizationspeed has received attention in both traditional and emerging literature streams. Byconsidering the digital aspect of internationalization performance, the transfer costand arbitrage lead to potentially uncharted territory in internationalization theo-ries, which requires further study.Digital MNCs have been emerging as important players in international activi-ties, especially the typical ones, born-global firms. Existing studies suggest two voi-ces in digital MNC internationalization: intentional and accidental. The former iswhen MNCs undertake gradual global activities with previous internal planning,while the latter often refers to a company that internationalizes in a short time withlittle money. Born global literature focuses on the mechanism of the incrediblespeed of internationalization compared to the process of traditional MNCs, whichcould take decades. Given that digitalization plays an increasingly important role inthis process, neither traditional international business theory nor born global stud-ies explain the international expansion mechanism of digital MNCs.This chapter is one of the few studies directly focusing on the mechanism of digi-tal company internationalization, and we take an iterative perspective to answer thiskey question: what is the difference between traditional internationalization and digi-tal internationalization? Specifically, we compare traditional IB theories, born globalliterature, and digital internationalization to study how the special operation processand iteration cycle influence the internationalization of born-digital firms.Early theoretical models of internationalization emphasized the physical levelof cross-border activities based on research on the gradual internationalization pro-cess of multinational corporations. They described the process of gradual interna-tionalization by focusing on knowledge acquisition and experience accumulation;some examples are the Uppsala model and the OLI paradigm, among others (Johan-son & Vahlne, 1977; Dunning, 1988), which concluded that a company’s interna-tionalization process is gradual. Hennart (2014) showed that, in addition to acompany’s intentional actions, the internationalization process may also be a resultof a company’s accidental behavior. Accidental internationalization refers to compa-nies implementing new technologies to meet the needs of niche products with cus-tomers who are distributed globally and initially achieving high internationalization