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Conservation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike suggests complicated viral adaptation history from bat to human
Lei, Kuan Cheok; Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas
2020
Source PublicationEvolution, Medicine and Public Health
ISSN2050-6201
Volume2020Issue:1Pages:290-303
Abstract

Background: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, has become the most devastating public health emergency in the 21st century and one of the most influential plagues in history. Studies on the origin of SARS-CoV-2 have generally agreed that the virus probably comes from bat, closely related to a bat CoV named BCoV-RaTG13 taken from horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis), with Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) being a plausible intermediate host. However, due to the relatively low number of SARS-CoV-2-related strains available in public domain, the evolutionary history remains unclear. Methodology: Nine hundred ninety-five coronavirus sequences from NCBI Genbank and GISAID were obtained and multiple sequence alignment was carried out to categorize SARS-CoV-2 related groups. Spike sequences were analyzed using similarity analysis and conservation analyses. Mutation analysis was used to identify variations within receptor-binding domain (RBD) in spike for SARS-CoV-2-related strains. Results: We identified a family of SARS-CoV-2-related strains, including the closest relatives, bat CoV RaTG13 and pangolin CoV strains. Sequence similarity analysis and conservation analysis on spike sequence identified that N-terminal domain, RBD and S2 subunit display different degrees of conservation with several coronavirus strains. Mutation analysis on contact sites in SARS-CoV-2 RBD reveals that human-susceptibility probably emerges in pangolin. Conclusion and implication: We conclude that the spike sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is the result of multiple recombination events during its transmission from bat to human, and we propose a framework of evolutionary history that resolve the relationship of BCoV-RaTG13 and pangolin coronaviruses with SARS-CoV-2. Lay Summary: This study analyses whole-genome and spike sequences of coronavirus from NCBI using phylogenetic and conservation analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and proposes an evolutionary history of spike in the progenitors of SARS-CoV-2 from bat to human through mammal hosts before they recombine into the current form.

KeywordBat Coronavirus Ratg13 Conservation Analysis Pangolin Coronavirus Receptor-binding Domain Sars-cov-2
DOI10.1093/EMPH/EOAA041
URLView the original
Indexed BySCIE
Language英語English
WOS Research AreaEvolutionary Biology ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
WOS SubjectEvolutionary Biology ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
WOS IDWOS:000605231100001
Scopus ID2-s2.0-85100901607
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Document TypeJournal article
CollectionFaculty of Health Sciences
Corresponding AuthorZhang, Xiaohua Douglas
AffiliationCRDA, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
First Author AffilicationFaculty of Health Sciences
Corresponding Author AffilicationFaculty of Health Sciences
Recommended Citation
GB/T 7714
Lei, Kuan Cheok,Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas. Conservation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike suggests complicated viral adaptation history from bat to human[J]. Evolution, Medicine and Public Health, 2020, 2020(1), 290-303.
APA Lei, Kuan Cheok., & Zhang, Xiaohua Douglas (2020). Conservation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike suggests complicated viral adaptation history from bat to human. Evolution, Medicine and Public Health, 2020(1), 290-303.
MLA Lei, Kuan Cheok,et al."Conservation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike suggests complicated viral adaptation history from bat to human".Evolution, Medicine and Public Health 2020.1(2020):290-303.
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