Territorial ocean safety and ocean development make it important to establish a large-scale, long-term, and low-energy integrated ocean monitoring sensor network (OMSN). In this paper, we introduce the high attitude platform-based ocean monitoring sensor network (HAP-OMSN) architecture and the basic ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm first. And then, we propose an improved ant colony optimization algorithm for the node deployment of the HAP-OMSN architecture. Finally, we solve the multi-types node deployment (MTND) problems in HAP-OMSN using this algorithm. The final experiment results indicate that the improved ACO algorithm has good efficiency to find optimal solution.