Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an irreplaceable reaction as a half-cell reaction in various electrocatalytic systems. However, the four-electron transfer process makes it sluggish. Although many OER electrocatalysts have been developed, most of them are relatively expensive. Herein, we report a Fe-incorporated defective oxidized graphite (OGP) (Fe-OGP) as electrocatalyst for OER, which is obtained by a simple electrochemical oxidation of graphite paper (GP) in the Fe(NO) solution. We find that the defects with oxygen-functional groups are achieved and Fe is mainly combined with the C–O–C group after the anodization. Fe-OGP shows a low overpotential of 1.64 V at 10 mA cm, a stability up to 40 h at 40 mA cm, and a Faraday efficiency of > 97% in an alkaline solution. Most importantly, we show that the positively charged surface of Fe-OGP can enhance the adsorption of O species dramatically and promote OER in alkaline conditions greatly. Our study may provide an alternative way to develop novel electrocatalysts based on low-cost materials.