The study seeks to map the interface between language and music in the human brain using state-of-the-art fMRI technology. The relationship between language and music, the two abilities that distinguish humans and animals, has been the topic of debate among thinkers since antiquity. Leonard Bernastein’s lectures at Harvard in the 1970s inspired comparisons between musical and linguistic structures. However, the exploration of the music-language relation from the perspective of modern cognitive science only started this century. For instance, Patel (2010) challenges the traditional belief that language and music are processed independently – the music functions mainly localized in the right hemisphere of the brain and language functions in the left hemisphere. Recent studies using neuroimaging technologies like ERP, PET and fMRI have found commonalities as well as differences in neural representations of language processing and musical processing. However, there is still no firm answer to the neural location of the shared resource networks for language and music. fMRI, with its high spatial resolution, is an excellent tool for locating brain activities. However, the use of fMRI in neurocognitive investigation of language and music is limited due to various constrains of the technology, namely the noise generated by the scanner and its intolerance of head motion. The interdisciplinary team at UM has found feasible solution to the problems, making it possible to conduct experiments involving listening, speaking, singing and playing musical instrument in the scanner. Furthermore, with the more advanced surface-based analysis, we are in a good position of accurately locating the overlapping regions associated with music and language processing. Findings of the study may shed light on the origins and evolution of language, as well as having implications on practical questions such as whether training in music have impact on language development, including bilingual/multilingual development, and vice versa; and whether the neuroprotective benefits of music are associated with language processing that require extreme cognitive control.