Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive memory and cognitive loss, language disorders, functional and behavioural alterations. AD etiology is still unclear, but the neurotoxicity associated to the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (Tau hyperphosphorylation) have been recognized as the main contributors to the development of AD. Additionally, oxidative stress, and inflammation, together resulting in the impairment of neurogenesis and cognitive decline. So far, no effective drug has been proved successful against AD, with available therapies failing to treat or prevent the disease progression. The well-known antimalarial artemisinin and its derivatives have been recently reported to have a neuroprotective effect. As the source of artemisinin, the traditional Chinese medicine herb artemisia annua is likely to be a promising therapy to the treatment of AD. Therefore, this study to study the therapeutic potential of artemisia annua in the treatment of AD and explore its underlying mechanisms, using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Obtained results revealed that artemisia annua extracts had a great effect against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in vitro by inducing a significant decrease in ROS levels, caspase-3 activity and neural cell apoptosis and restoring the mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, oral administration of the extracts to 3xTg transgenic mice (3xTg AD mice), improved the learning and memory abilities, significantly reduced Aβ accumulation and tau-phosphorylation and improved neurogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that artemisia annua extracts are a promising novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.