In recent years, many governments in emerging economies have used macro-level institutional support to boost entrepreneurship, but the actual impact of institutional support on firms’ entrepreneurial orientation (EO) remains unclear. To provide a holistic understanding of this impact, we examine the relationship between institutional support and three specific dimensions of EO—proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking—and we explore how these relationships are contingent on firm ownership and the industry life cycle. A two-study, mixed-methods empirical design confirms our hypotheses. Specifically, Study 1 surveys 303 Chinese firms and finds that institutional support has a decreasingly positive relationship with proactiveness, an increasingly positive relationship with innovativeness, and a positive linear relationship with risk-taking; each of these three relationships is weaker for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) than for non-SOEs and for firms in fast-growing industries than for firms in slow-growing industries. Study 2 conducts a scenario-based experiment using6 133 MBA students, and its results again support the main effects hypotheses.