This paper examines the interplay between the Mozi research and the New Text/Old Text Controversy in the late Qing. It demonstrates that Kang Youwei innovatively used the Mozi and pre-Han narratives about Mozi/Mohism to support his New Text theses: (1) Confucius was the author of the New Text Classics; (2) Confucius was an institutional reformer; and (3) Confucius was a religious leader. Kang Youwei’s opinions about Mozi were partially adopted by his New Text student Liang Qichao; and his New Text theory was countered by Sun Yirang’s preface and commentaries to the Mozi. By seeing the Mozi research and the New Text/Old Text Controversy through each other, we may discover that the Mozi had an important role in this classical controversy, and explain certain aspects of the development of Mozi research.