The contaminated sediment in the river and coastal have complex contaminants, high initial water content, high compressibility, and low shear strength, and is considered to be potentially problematic. An effective approach for the treatment and increasing the strength is to incorporate high-performance nanomaterials-Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI). In the previous researches, it is founded that the mechanical behaviour of soils, such as strength and stiffness, was improved with the addition of nZVI through the effect of soil fabric and interparticle bonding (Chen et al. 2019; Zhou et al. 2019). However, limited attempts have been made to investigate the deformation behaviour of nanomaterials treated soils. In this presentation, it is to identify the deformation behaviour of nZVI treated soils and to explore the mechanism by several microstructure analysis.