微RNA（microRNAs；miRNA）是一类长度约为22 核苷酸的非编码核苷酸，能在转录后水平抑制蛋白的翻译而调控靶向基因的表达。非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）占所有肺癌比例的80%，确诊后一般为晚期，且具有早期确诊率低，治疗效果差，治疗后易复发，预后不良等特征。目前用于治疗NSCLC 的方法主要是手术、放化疗、中医中药治疗以及生物免疫治疗，总体治疗效果不明显，死亡率高。近年来，大量研究表明miRNA 在癌症的发生发展、转移及复发中具有重要的作用，但目前尚未建立系统规范的使用miRNA 对NSCLC 诊断、治疗、预后的标准化方案，临床实施难度大。本文就近几年来miRNA在NSCLC 诊断、治疗及预后功能上。进行综述，期望有助于促进miRNA 在实际临床中发挥其应有的作用。

microRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding nucleotides, about 22 nucleot-ides in length. MicroRNAs can regulate gene expression through translational repression at post-transcriptional level. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) account for 80% of all lung cancers. The patient is usually diagnosed at the late phage so that its treatment effeciancy is poor. And it has some characteristics such as poor early diagnosis, easy relapse after treatment, and poor prognosis. Currently therapies mainly used in the treatment of NSCLC are urgery, adiotherapy, chemotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine and biological immunotherapy. The overall treatment effect is not obvious, and the mortality is high. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that microRNA plays an important role in cancer development, metastasis and recurrence, but yet researchers haven't established a system specification of microRNAs to standardize the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NSCLC, and the clinical implementation is difficult. In this paper, we review the newly published studies about miRNAs in NSCLC diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, hoping that miRNAs may have clinical therapeutic uses in human diseases.