本研究將受眾的傳媒功能認知分為兩個層面，即傳媒的規範性社會功能與實際表現。在因子分析中，我們更是發現中國受眾的傳媒功能認知存在三個面向：可以劃歸與官方話語比較認同的之「大眾喉舌」與「權力監督」面向，以及於此相對的「負面認知」面向。研究資料來自廣州的1,000個概率樣本，分析結果顯示，中國大陸的受眾中的這三類人群無論在人口統計因素，還是傳媒使用以及信息處理策略方面都存在明顯的區別。

This research study separates audience perceived media functions into two conceptually distinct and yet empirically closely connected dimensions: normative/expected roles and actual performance. Using data from a random sample survey of 1,000 Guangzhou residents, we tested individuals' media consumption patterns and information processing strategies. Factor analysis shows there are three types of perceptions of media functions: “tongue of the mass,” “monitor of the power,” and “negative perceptions.” The three frames of reference exhibit very different demographic characteristics and paths of influence on information use and processing.