The present chapter addresses the regulatory challenges that Chinese SOE investments faced through EU competition law enforcement, and by regulatory reform proposals for tackling the above-mentioned regulatory gap. The discussion commences with a brief review of the specifics of corporate governance and state control over Chinese SOEs in order to highlight the aspects that will be relevant for the competitive assessment under the EU merger control regime. The discussion then proceeds with the identification of the regulatory challenges encountered by the EU merger control when applied to Chinese SOE acquisitions in Europe. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of the regulatory reform proposals currently being debated in the EU.