Discovery of growth hormone-releasing hormones and receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates

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	Discovery of growth hormone-releasing hormones and receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates
	Lee, T. O.; Siu, FKY; Tam, JKV; Lau, ITY; Wong, AOL; Lin, MCM; Vaudry, H; Chow, BKC
	2007-02-13
Source Publication	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
ISSN	0027-8424
Pages	2133-2138
Abstract	In mammals, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is the most important neuroendocrine factor that stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary. In nonmammalian vertebrates, however, the previously named GHRH-like peptides were unable to demonstrate robust GH-releasing activities. In this article, we provide evidence that these GHRH-like peptides are homologues of mammalian PACAP-related peptides (PRP). Instead, GHRH peptides encoded in cDNAs isolated from goldfish, zebrafish, and African clawed frog were identified. Moreover, receptors specific for these GHRHs were characterized from goldfish and zebrafish. These GHRHs and GHRH receptors (GHRH-Rs) are phylogenetically and structurally more similar to their mammalian counterparts than the previously named GHRH-like peptides and GHRH-like receptors. Information regarding their chromosomal locations and organization of neighboring genes confirmed that they share the same origins as the mammalian genes. Functionally, the goldfish GHRH dose-dependently activates cAMP production in receptor-transfected CHO cells as well as GH release from goldfish pituitary cells. Tissue distribution studies showed that the goldfish GHRH is expressed almost exclusively in the brain, whereas the goldfish GHRH-R is actively expressed in brain and pituitary. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a previously uncharacterized GHRH-GHRH-R axis in nonmammalian vertebrates. Based on these data, a comprehensive evolutionary scheme for GHRH, PRP-PACAP, and PHI-VIP genes in relation to three rounds of genome duplication early on in vertebrate evolution is proposed. These GHRHs, also found in flounder, Fugu, medaka, stickleback, Tetraodon, and rainbow trout, provide research directions regarding the neuroendocrine control of growth in vertebrates.
Keyword	molecular evolution genome duplication PACAP
URL	View the original
Language	英語English
The Source to Article	PB_Publication
PUB ID	51103
Document Type	Journal article
Collection	DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Corresponding Author	Chow, BKC
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	Lee, T. O.,Siu, FKY,Tam, JKV,et al. Discovery of growth hormone-releasing hormones and receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2007, 2133-2138.
APA	Lee, T. O.., Siu, FKY., Tam, JKV., Lau, ITY., Wong, AOL., Lin, MCM., Vaudry, H., & Chow, BKC (2007). Discovery of growth hormone-releasing hormones and receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2133-2138.
MLA	Lee, T. O.,et al."Discovery of growth hormone-releasing hormones and receptors in non-mammalian vertebrates".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (2007):2133-2138.

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