This book shows—contrary to earlier prejudices—how critique and subversion have been integral parts of the history and development of Chinese Philosophy from the classical period to the present. The present volume collects a number of case studies showing how from early on Chinese philosophical discourses unfolded through innovation, challenges to established views, and the subversion of dominant forms of thinking. The Daoist tradition, in particular, provided a variety of alternatives to prevailing Confucian “master narratives,” while the long history of Confucianism is itself full of ambiguities, disputes, and competing ideas. In Buddhist theory and practice, the subversion of unquestioned beliefs and attitudes has been a prime methodological and therapeutic device. What is more, the division into “three teachings” is too static and limited to do justice to the diversity and subtlety found in the numerous discourses constituting the history of Chinese philosophy. All-too convenient classifications and categorizations have been critiqued and subverted on a continuous basis. The present volume intends to make such innovative disruptions visible.